NUR 2488 Mental Health Nursing - Final Exam – [Module 9]

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(Children & Adolescents)

T/F: Children and adolescents can develop the same mental health conditions as adults.

- TRUE, but the symptoms are generally different.

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In children and adolescents, bipolar disorder symptoms and depression are frequently

diagnosed as what?

- Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder.

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Intellectual disability is characterized by deficits in which 3 areas?

- Intellectual functioning - deficits in reasoning, problem solving, planning,

judgement and abstract thinking.

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- Social functioning - impaired communication and language, interpreting and

acting on social cues and controlling emotions.

- Daily functioning - deficits in managing age-appropriate activities of daily living,

functions at school and performing self-care.

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What causes intellectual disabilities?

- 40% of affected children results from complications during pregnancy or birth

- 20% of cases are attributed to environment or social neglect

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The ___________ are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. These

disorders may manifest before the child enters school.

- Neurodevelopmental disorders

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_____________ generally, appears during the first 3 years of life and affects the normal

development of social interaction and social skills.

- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

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Treatment: Autism Spectrum Disorder

- Children with ASD should be referred to early intervention programs so

communication and behavioral symptoms are identified. Often treatment includes

a behavior management with positive reinforcement. The family's strengths

and needs must be identified and supported.

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How is Autism Spectrum Disorder classified?

- Level 1: requires support

- Level 2: requires substantial support

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- Level 3: requires very substantial support

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S/S of Autism Spectrum Disorder

- ▪ Deficits in social relatedness

▪ Disturbances in developing and maintaining relationships

▪ Stereotypical, repetitive speech

▪ Obsessive thoughts on specific objects or adherence to routines/rituals

▪ Hyperactivity or hypo activity to sensory input

▪ Extreme resistance to change

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Psychopharmacology: Autism Spectrum Disorder

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- Atypical Antipsychotics:

▪ Risperidone (Risperdal)

▪ Aripiprazole (Abilify)

For 5 and 6-years old and older. These medications treat relatedness, decrease

anxiety, compulsive behavior or agitation

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

- This disorder shows an inappropriate degree of attention, impulsiveness and

hyperactivity.

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Nursing Interventions: ADHD

- ▪ Focus on changing patterns of misconduct by fostering the development of

internal controls.

- ▪ The family will need assistance in providing nurturance, setting consistent

limits and promoting the achievement of developmental milestones.

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