Ancient Greek Philosophers PRACTICE MILESTONE Sophia

QUESTION 1 Philosophy pursues ________ by using logic, reasoning, and critical thinking.

 A. science

 B. reality

C. wisdom

 D. opinion

1. C

 Philosophy is a field of study that pursues wisdom, as evidenced by the root words of its name.

"Philosophy" comes from two Greek words, philos (meaning "love") and Sophia (meaning

"wisdom"). Science, reality and opinion are topics that philosophers investigate, but they are not

the ultimate goal of philosophy.

QUESTION 2 “Although I am not an atheist, I believe that man’s ingenuity is more reliable than

superstitious beliefs about the gods.” The ancient philosopher most likely to make this statement was

________.

A. Thales

B. Protagoras

C. Empedocles

D. Xenophanes

2. D

 Xenophanes was a Pre-Socratic philosopher who questioned divine explanations for natural

phenomena. While he was not an atheist, he maintained that it is better to rely on observation and

reason than to interpret events as signs from the gods or evidence of their intervention.

QUESTION 3 Choose the true statement about a central belief of the Greek atomists.

A. Complex phenomenon are explained as the configuration of atoms.

B. In atomism, the ultimate nature of reality is static, making all change an illusion.

 C. The world is composed of opposites that create a system of connection through atoms.

D. Everything is temporary in atomism; reality is in a constant state of change.

3. A

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The atomists believed that everything that exists is either an atom or a collection of atoms. They also

maintained that the matter and phenomena we perceive are produced by different configurations of

atoms of different shapes and sizes. The atomists defined change as a reorganization

QUESTION 4 All of the statements are central themes of Parmenidean metaphysics, EXCEPT:

 A. The universe is one, unchanging entity.

 B. The opinions of mortal men are universally unreliable.

C. The Parmenidean worldview contradicts the world we are familiar with.

D. The world we sense is genuine.

4. D

Parmenidean metaphysics establishes a division between the mortal world (i.e., the world of the senses)

and reality. Reality is "what is;" it is eternal and unchanging. The world of the senses is "what is not," a

transient and illusory world of change. Therefore, Parmenides would not say that the world we sense is

genuine. All of the other statements accurately represent Parmenidean metaphysics

QUESTION 5 Heraclitus went further than his predecessors by considering reality from an entirely

human point of view. He claimed that there is one true reality, which he called ________.

A. Ethos

B. Logos

C. the Unity of Opposites

D. the Doctrine of Flux

5. B

Heraclitus believed in one true reality which he named the Logos, a Greek word that can be translated

as “account.” Heraclitus believed that the Logos organizes and serves as the basis of all things.

QUESTION 6 Choose the statement that describes how Socrates’ approach to philosophy differed from

previous approaches.

A. Socrates focused on ethics, as well as concepts and methodologies of knowledge.

B. Socrates’ ideas influenced the growth of the natural sciences.

 C. Socrates believed that all living things were ordered and governed by universal laws.

 D. Socrates claimed that man could never know whether the gods exist or not.

6. A

Socrates' approach to philosophy differed from that of the Pre-Socratic philosophers because it was

focused on ethics and epistemology. The Pre-Socratic philosophers concentrated on topics that included

natural philosophy and cosmology

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