HESI A2 (READING,GRAMMAR,MATH,BIOLOGY & ANATOMY AND

PHYSIOLOGY 2021.2022)

HESI A2 READING

Food away from home (FAFH) has been associated with poor diet quality in many studies. It is difficult,

however, to measure the effect of FAFH on diet quality since many unobserved factors, such as food

preferences and time constraints, influence not just our choice of where to eat, but also the nutritional

quality of what we eat. Using data from 1994-96 and 2003-04, this study applies fixed-effects estimation

to control for such unobservable influences and finds that, for the average adult, FAFH increases daily

caloric intake and reduces diet quality. The effects vary depending on which meals are consumed away

from home. On average, breakfast away from home decreases the number of servings of whole grains

and dairy consumed per 1,000 calories and increases the percent of caloriesfrom saturated and solid fat,

alcohol, and added sugar (So FAAS) in a day. Dinner away from home reduces the number of servings of

vegetables consumed per 1,000 calories for the average adult. Breakfast and lunch away from home

increase calories from saturated fat and So FAAS on average more among dieters than among nondieters. Some of the overall negative dietary effects decreased between 1994-96 and 2003-04, including

those on whole grain, sodium, and vegetable consumption.

Which meal(s) eaten away from home have worse results for dieters than for non-dieters?

A. The article doesn’t state which meal is the worse for non-dieters

B. Dinner eaten away from home is worse because people consume fewer whole grains and

vegetables.

C. Breakfast eaten away from home is worse because it increasesthe percent of calories from

saturated and solid fat, alcohol, and added sugar (So FAAS) in a day.

D. Breakfast and lunch eaten away from home are worse because they increase the percent of

calories from saturated fats.

Why isit difficult to measure the effect of food away from home on diet quality?

A. People eat out too much, so it is not possible to collect accurate data.

B. Researchers are unable to assessthe nutritional quality of people’s diets.

C. Peoples’ food preferences are too complex and may even be unmeasurable.

D. Too many unknown variables affect the data.

Which statement is not a detail from the passage?

A. Eating breakfast away from home can result in an increase in fatty protein consumption.

B. Eating food away from home is connected to bad food choices.

C. In general, people who eat breakfast away from home consume more calories.

D. Eating dinner away from home results in less vegetable consumption.

What is the meaning of the word “associated” in the first paragraph?

A. Specialized

B. Predated

C. Connected

D. Obfuscated

A nanometer is a billionth of a meter. A DNA molecule is 2 nanometers in diameter. Protein molecules

are about 10 nanometers in diameter. A human hair is 100,000 nanometers in diameter. But what is a

nanometer and how does it relate to technology? Nanotechnology is defined as the understanding and

control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, a scale at which unique properties of

materials emerge that can be used to develop novel technologies and products. At the nanoscale, the

physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials differ from the properties of matter either at

smaller scales, such as atoms, or at larger scales that we use in everyday life such as millimeters or

inches. Nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter only a few

nanometers in size. Gold nanoparticles are made of the same material as in jewelry. But when light

interacts with particles of gold, different colors are reflected. The different colors can be used in simple

medical tests to indicate infection or disease. Metals such as copper become extremely rigid at the

nanoscale, rather than bendable as in copper wires seen in everyday use.

What isthe major difference between matter at the nanoscale and matter at larger scales such as

millimeters or inches?

A. At the nanoscale, metals are bendable, and at larger scales they are rigid.

B. Matter has different and special characteristics at the nanoscale.

C. At the nanoscale, matter hasthe same properties as matter at the atomic level.

D. There is no difference.

Which claim from the passage best describes the benefits of nanotechnology?

A. Scientists can develop novel technologies and products.

B. Nanotechnology is defined as the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly

1 to 100 nanometers.

C. The different colors can be used in simple medical tests to indicate infection or disease.

D. Unique properties of materials emerge.

What is the author’s primary purpose in writing this essay?

A. To explain how to utilize the nanoscale

B. To review the conversion between the nanoscale and nanotechnology

C. To advocate for the usage of more nanotechnology

D. To describe nanotechnology and what it is

Researchers have developed a recording device that essentially melts into place, snugly fitting to the

brain's surface. This new technology allows for closer interaction between machines and living tissue,

paving the way for more advanced implantable devices. Currently, the simplest devices for recording

from the brain are needle-like electrodes that can penetrate into brain tissue. More state-of-the-art

devices, called micro-electrode arrays, consist of dozens of semi-flexible wire electrodes. These are

usually fixed to rigid silicon grids that don't conform to the brain's shape. An ideal recording device

would conform to complex curved surfaces while placing minimal stress on the tissue. The scientists

chose silk as their base material because it is flexible and durable enough to withstand manipulation.

The team reported that they were able to create ultrathin flexible implantsthat hug the brain like shrink

wrap, collapsing into its grooves and stretching over its rounded surfaces. The silk base dissolves once it

makes contact with the brain, allowing the array to end up tightly hugging the brain. They found that the

ultrathin arraysthey created can record brain activity more faithfully than thickerimplants embedded

with similar electronics.

Which sentence bestsummarizes the benefits of the new silk technology?

A. The new technology allows for closer interaction between machines and living tissue, paving the

way for more advanced implantable devices.

B. These implants have the potential to maximize the contact between electrodes and brain tissue,

while minimizing damage to the brain.

C. They could provide a platform for a range of devices with applications in epilepsy,spinal cord

injuries, and other neurological disorders.

D. The arrays could potentially read the complex signalsin the brain that direct movement, and

then route those signals to healthy muscles or prosthetic devices.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the silk brain recording device?

A. Durability

B. Flexibility

C. Different rates of dissolution

D. Needle – like electrodes

Neurologists and biological psychologists have witnessed a sharp increase in the knowledge and

understanding of particular structures of the brain over the past two decades. As technology becomes

ever more advanced, scientists are able to isolate the functions of even small regions of the human

brain. One noteworthy discovery is the role of the amygdala in human fear and aggression. The

amygdala, a small, almond-shaped conglomerate, is just one part of the limbic system. Located at the

very center of the brain, the limbic system is the core of our 'emotional brain;' each individualstructure

in the limbic system is somehow connected to an aspect of human emotion. Scientists have found that

electrode stimulation of the amygdala can elicit extreme and aggressive acts. Patients or experimental

subjects who experience this utter rage and fearlessness have no rational foundation for their reaction.

In other words, this aggression is wholly attributable to electrode stimulation. On the other hand,

patients with trauma or damage to thisstructure exhibit a complete absence of aggression. Researchers

find that no amount of poking, prodding or harassment will evoke even remotely aggressive responses

from these subjects.

The author suggests that persistent passivity and imperturbability may be a direct result of which of

the following?

A. Drug-induced stimulation of the amygdala.

B. A stroke that resulted in severe tissue damage in the limbic system

C. Encephalitis as a result of head trauma

D. Activation of a strategically implanted electrode in a patient’s amygdala.

Which statement is not listed as a detail within the passage?

A. Electrode stimulation of the amygdala can elicit extreme aggressive acts.

B. Scientists are able to isolate the functions of even small regions of the human brain.

C. Typically, temperamental rhesus monkeys with amygdala damage are completely imperturbable.

D. Subjects who experience this utter rage and fearlessness have no rational foundation for their

reaction.

What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The human brain is as complex as it is mysterious.

B. Patients with damaged amygdalas are less aggressive than individuals with healthy ones.

C. Electrode stimulation is a valuable tool for researchers who study the human brain.

D. Scientists have learned a lot about how the amygdala affects human emotion.

The ability to see at a distance, in good light, does not diminish as a result of aging to the extent that

other visual acuities do. Myopia, or nearsightedness, is more common to younger eyes, while

presbyopia, or farsightedness, more commonly afflicts people as they age. The word presbyopia comes

from Greek presbys, "old man," and opia, "eye," and names a condition in which, because the lens of the

eye hardens slightly and loses elasticity as a person ages, one cannot as easily focus sharply on nearby

objects. This condition leads to the familiar habit of lifting up one's glasses and bringing an object or

reading material close to the face so that the eyes can more easily focus on it. The function of the lens is

to accommodate different focal points so that sensory data can be correctly directed to the retina for

interpretation into images by the brain. Corrective lenses, particularly bifocals or progressive lenses,

adjust for the focal point aberration. In essence, they do the work that the eye can no longer do for itself.

In the context of the passage, “accommodate” means to

A. Arrange lodging for

B. Contain

C. Make allowancesfor

D. Excuse

The author of the passage would probably agree with which of the following statements relating

corrective lenses and aging eyes?

A. A dancer with a broken bone needs a cast to protect it.

B. A hiker reinforces a fraying backpack strap with duct tape.

C. A traveler gets a passport before going abroad.

D. An athlete stretches before a game to avoid a potential injury.

What was the author’s primary purpose for writing this essay?

A. To define what presbyopia is

B. To describe how eyes age and the function of corrective lens

C. To compare and contrast nearsightedness with farsightedness

D. To review the anatomy of the human eye

Alfalfa thrives on land which contains lime, and gives poor results when this ingredient is deficient. The

explanation is simple: there is a community of interest between the very low microscopic animal life,

known as bacteria, and plant life, generally. In every ounce ofsoil there are millions of these living germs

which have their allotted work to do, and they thrive best in soils containing lime. If one digs up a root of

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