Adults med-surg 1 cardiac

Types of PVD (peripheral vascular disease)

- Arterial occlusive disease

- Venous Insufficency

Arterial Occlusive Disease

A common circulation problem; arteries that carry blood to the legs or arms becomenarrow and get

clogged

Main cause of AOD

Atherosclerosis

Risk factors of AOD

- smoking

- diabetes

- BMI over 30

- high blood pressure 140/90

- increasing age

- family history

Effects of AOD

It is 6-7 times of a greater risk of a heart attack and stroke

Symptoms of AOD

- intermittent claudication

- painful cramping in hip, thigh or calf muscles after activity

- leg numbness or weakness

- coldness in your lower leg or foot especially with comparison

- hair loss or slower hair growth on your feet/legs

- slower growth of toenails

- shiny skin on legs

- weak or absent pulse in legs or feet

- ED in men

Treatment of AOD

non-surgical, lifestyle changes

medications:

- Cholesterol lowering agents

- BP medication

Diagnostic tests: AOD

Ankle- Brachial Index

Doppler ultrasound

Angiography

PCD surgical treatments

- Angioplasty

- Endarterectomy

- Stenting

- Surgical bypass

Venous Insufficency

- caused by incompetent or obstructed veins

= most common cause of lower extremity swelling

Risk factors of VI

age

obesity

trauma

history of DVT/phlebitis

surgical complications (orthopedic)

tight fitting garments

prolonged sitting or standing

family history

How it works:VI

A clot will block blood flow through the vein and cause pressure to build up

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Leg injury of surgery

injury or surgery that blocks the flow of blood through a vein can increase pressure

Excess weight or weight gain

The added weight of pregnancy or obesity can increase pressure in the veins of the legs and damage the

veins and valves

Standing or sitting for too long

Prolonged periods without walking can decrease the movement of blood out of the legs and lead to

increased pressure in the veins and pooling of blood -- thats because the muscles in the legs play an

important role in circulation of blood, acting like a pump to move blood from the legs back to the heart.

Signs and symptoms of VI

- less pain than arterial disease

- brawy skin discoloration (reddish brown)

- edema (improves with elevation)

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