MATH 300

Statistics Introduction to Statistics Milestone

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Jay wants to study nutrition and performance in schools using available data.

Which of the scenarios below will provide Jay with available data?

Going to a local high school and asking the principal for information about students' current and

previous grades, then interviewing a random selection of students about their eating habits.

Going to a local high school and asking the principal for information about students' previous grades,

then interviewing a random selection of students about their eating habits.

Going to a local high school and asking the principal for information about students' current and

previous grades, then asking the health teacher for the results from a survey students took in health

class.

Going to a local college and asking current undergraduates to report their grades and eating habits from

high school.

RATIONALE

Recall, for data to be considered available data it must already be collected. Since the grades data and

survey data were already collected these are examples of available data.

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An art teacher is trying to determine which class to offer next summer. She passes out a slip of paper to

some of the students in the class asking them whether or not they liked her course, and what class they

would most like to see offered in the summer.

Which type of statistical study is the art teacher conducting?

A survey

A single-blind study

A double-blind study

A census

RATIONALE

Since she asks people what their preferences would be, this is an example of a survey.

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A factory manufactures motorcycles. One of its employees, working in the quality control department,

checks the first 10 and the last 10 motorcycles manufactured in a day.

This is what type of sampling?

Voluntary response sampling

Convenience sampling

Stratified sampling

Systematic sampling

RATIONALE

Recall that convenience samples are samples taken due to their ease of gathering information. Since

they simple used the first and last 10, this is an example of that. Convenience samples are generally

biased as they probably don't represent the entire set of interest.

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A trainer is studying the effects of vitamin D on his athletes. He has realized that there are many

potential confounding factors, such as gender and age. To limit the effect of these confounding

variables, he decided to first group two athletes together based on these variables (for example, two 21-

year-old males). Then he randomly assigned one person to receive the vitamin D and the other to

receive a sugar pill.

What type of experimental design does this situation demonstrate?

Matched-Pair Design

Completely Randomized Design

Simple Random Design

Randomized Block Design

RATIONALE

By matching on age and gender this is called a matched-pair design.

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Jenae noticed that many of her co-workers would opt for the coffee that appeared to be most recently

brewed, regardless of the flavor of the coffee offered. This leads her to believe that what she was

witnessing was not really representative of everyone's true flavor preferences. She adapted her

experimental study accordingly.

Select one control in Jenae's experimental study.

Jenae uses different locations in the kitchen for the coffee pots.

Jenae places condiments at random places throughout the kitchen.

Jenae makes sure that the coffee in different pots is brewed at the same time.

Jenae monitors the habits of the co-workers who do not drink coffee.

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