1.      ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) measures 

-          the acidity (pH) and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from an artery

-          acid base imbalance

2.      When chemical/metabolic buffers can not prevent blood pH changes what is the second line of defense?         

-          respiratory system

3.      how does the respiratory system buffer?

-          hyperventilation/hypoventilation

4.      alkalosis          

-          decrease in free hydrogen ion level of the blood and an arterial blood pH above 7.45

5.      s/s dehydration

-          tachycardia,

-          hypotension,

-          increased thirst,

-          decreased urine output,

-           poor skin turgor,

-          dry mucous membranes,

-          flattened neck veins

6.      education on fluid overload   

-          low salt diet, when to call the doctor, avoid canned foods, check food labels for sodium amount (reduce to 2-4 g/day)

7.      what does calcium do for the body

-          blood clotting and cell membrane stability

8.      risk factors for acid-base imbalance

-          impaired breathing conditions,

-          older age,

-          certain drugs (diuretics and aspirin),

-          kidney failure,

-          diabetes mellitus,

-          diarrhea,

-          pancreatitis,

-           fever

9.      Normal

-          pH: 7.40

-          CO2: 40

-          HCO3: 24

10.  pt is suffering from fever, HR 128, BP 80/46. what fluid balance do you suspect   

-          hypovolemia

11.  NG tube suction causes what acid base imbalance    

-          metabolic alkalosis

12.  main sign hiatal hernia

-          dysphagia

13.  EGD pre and post procedure 

-          Pre-EGD nursing care involves inserting one or two large-bore IV catheters if they are not in place, Keep the patient NPO for 4 to 6 hours before the procedure, consent form before the EGD after the physician informs about the procedure.

-          Post- EGD nursing care involves monitoring vital signs, heart rhythm, and oxygen saturation frequently until they return to baseline. In addition, frequently assess the patient's ability to swallow saliva. do not allow the patient to have food or liquids until the gag reflex is intact