 Question 1

0.25 out of 0.25 points

A patient has a regular heart rate of 54 beats/min. The nurse would

document this rhythm as

Selected

Answer: Bradycard

ia

Correct

Answer: Bradycard

ia

Response

Feedback:

Sinus bradycardia is defined as a heart rate of less than 60

beats/min. Normal sinus rhythm is defined as an impulse

rate between 60 and 100 per minute. Sinus arrhythmia is a

normal finding associated with fluctuations in autonomic

influences and respiratory dynamics. Sinus tachycardia is

an abnormally fast heart rate of greater than 100

beats/min.

 Question 2

0.25 out of 0.25 points

The vasoactive mediators released in septic shock contribute to

increase

Selected

Answer: Vascular

permeability

Correct

Answer: Vascular

permeability

Response

Feedback:

The kinin system is activated and bradykinin is released,

which results in vasodilation and increased capillary

permeability. Histamine also increases capillary

permeability, which enhances edema formation. Systemic

vascular resistance is decreased in septic shock. The

complement system is activated with release of C5a and

C3a, which can produce microemboli and endothelial cell

destruction. The coagulation system is activated and may

enhance the development of microemboli. Histamine, a

potent vasodilator, is released by mast cells.

 Question 3

0.25 out of 0.25 points

Which diagnostic analysis is used to identify patients with heart

failure? (Select all that apply.)

Selected

Answers:

 1 / 4

BNP (B-type natriuretic

peptide)

Echocardiogram

Chest x-ray film

Correct

Answers: BNP (B-type natriuretic

peptide)

Echocardiogram

Chest x-ray film

Response

Feedback:

BNP is a blood test that assists in identifying patients with

heart failure. An echocardiogram uses sound waves to

create a moving picture of the heart and is used in the

diagnosis of heart failure. A chest x-ray is a physical

diagnostic test that shows heart structures and is used in

the diagnosis of heart failure. Complete blood count (CBC)

is a blood analysis used to determine the composition of

blood related to amounts of specific cells in a serum

sample. The overall effect of ANP on the body is to counter

increases in blood pressure and volume caused by the

renin-angiotensin system.

 Question 4

0.25 out of 0.25 points

Which best defines systolic blood pressure?

Selected

Answer: Occurs during ventricular

contraction

Correct

Answer: Occurs during ventricular

contraction

Response

Feedback:

Systolic blood pressure occurs during ventricular

contraction and is a function of volume ejected and the

compliance of the aorta. The diastolic blood pressure

occurs during passive elastic recoil of the aorta and is an

average of 70 mm Hg. The diastolic blood pressure occurs

during passive elastic recoil of the aorta. Systolic blood

pressure is a function of volume ejected and the

compliance of the aorta, and averages 120 mm Hg.

 Question 5

0 out of 0.25 points

 2 / 4

The shift to anaerobic metabolism in shock results in

Selected

Answer: Metabolic alkalosis

Correct

Answer: Increased lactate

production

Response

Feedback:

When the citric acid cycle is inhibited, pyruvate

accumulates in the cytoplasm. Pyruvate accumulation

would quickly inhibit further glycolysis and shut down ATP

production entirely except that it can be converted to a

substance called lactate, which diffuses from the cell and

into the extracellular fluid. A shift to anaerobic metabolism

in shock does not result in metabolic alkalosis, decreased

oxygen utilization, or decreased hydrogen ion production.

 Question 6

0.25 out of 0.25 points

Which term is used to identify hypertension that has a specific disease

as its cause?

Selected

Answer: Seconda

ry

Correct

Answer: Seconda

ry

Response

Feedback:

Secondary is the term given to hypertension that is

secondary to a specific disease. Idiopathic, primary, and

essential hypertension are interchangeable terms for

hypertension that cannot be related to a specific

disease/cause.

 Question 7

0.25 out of 0.25 points

A common cause of heart failure is which of the following? (Select all

that apply.)

Selected

Answers: Coronary artery

disease

Cardiomyopathy

Hypertension

Correct

Answers:

 3 / 4

Coronary artery

disease

Cardiomyopathy

Hypertension

Response

Feedback:

The most common cause of HF is myocardial ischemia from

coronary artery disease, followed by hypertension and

dilated cardiomyopathy. Valvular heart disease and anemia

are not common causes of heart failure.

 Question 8

0.25 out of 0.25 points

Which statement is true regarding hypertension?

Selected

Answer: High blood pressure can be associated with headache

and seizures.

Correct

Answer: High blood pressure can be associated with headache

and seizures.

Response

Feedback:

Headache and seizures are associated with high blood

pressure. The actual definition of high blood pressure is a

systolic pressure greater than 140 mm Hg or a diastolic

pressure greater than 90 mm Hg, or both. The diagnosis of

hypertension requires the recording on two separate

occasions of these elevations. Obesity, elevated sodium

intake, age, ethnicity, and family history are all causes of

high blood pressure.

 Question 9

0.25 out of 0.25 points

Which condition is an endocrine disorder that causes elevated blood

pressure? (Select all that apply.)

Selected

Answers: Cushing

disease

Hyperthyroidis

m

Correct

Answers: Cushing

disease

Hyperthyroidis

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