NUR 2063 ESSENTIALS OF

 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE REVIEW;

Chapter 2

What is Pathology? The study and diagnosis of the disease through examination of organs,

tissues, cells and body fluids

What is Physiology? The study of the mechanical physical and biochemical functions of

living organisms

What is Pathophysiology? THE SUUDY OF ABNORMALITIES IN PHYSIOLOGIC

FUNCTIONG OF LIVING BEINGS

What is the framework for Pathophysiology?

Etiology – The study of the causes or reasons for phenomena, identification of the cause

factors disease

Pathogenesis- The development or the evolution. How did the disease actually evolve?

Begin? Manifestations?

Clinical Manifestations- They are observed signs of the disease EX: increase in WBC

Implications/Treatments- An understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology and

pathogenesis, determine what will help. What treatment?

Homeostasis & Allostasis

What is Homeostasis? Remaining stable, set point, equilibrium, systems are in balance

What is Allostasis? Ability to successfully adapt to challenges. A dynamic process trhat

maintains or reestablishes homeostasis

Stress and Disease - Hans Selye- the pioneer in the study of stress and disease, described

stages of adaptation to a stressful event:

Alarm :Hypothalamus Activates corticotropin, fight or flight response as the result of

stressful stimulus. Internal/external HPA- Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Resistance: Activity of the nervous and endocrine system in returning the body to

homeostasis.

Hypothalamus secretes corticotropin releasing hormone CRH. Activates Anterior

Pituitary

Secretes ACTH Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Recovery OR Exhaustion: Where the body can no longer return to homeostasis,

Allostatic Overload “wear and tear on the body”