QUESTION 1
Define the concept of universal precautions.
Universal precautions means any and all samples, whether known or unknown, are to be treated as
potentially hazardous (or pathogenic) materials.
QUESTION 2
List at least 3 observations a researcher would be sure to note while assessing an unknown microbial
sample.
A lab researcher would be certain to note: Size and shape; Any observable motility; Gram status (positive
or negative); The presence of any chemical reactions; Changes in color localized to the organism or the
surrounding media; Capture (or draw) images of any of the characteristics described above
QUESTION 3
While observing an unknown sample of limited amounts, a researcher must determine the following
observations: (1) the presence of any motility and (2) its Gram status using the same sample—the liquid
sample cannot be divided. Which would you determine first and why?
You must determine motility before determining the Gram status. Motility requires a wet mount, while
Gram staining requires heat fixing the sample. If one were to begin with the Gram stain the heat fixation
process would kill the organism, making any observations regarding motility impossible. The correct
approach would be to place the liquid culture on a glass slide and determine its motility status. Next, the
same liquid culture can be heat fixed and Gram stained.
QUESTION 4
A facultative anaerobe is a microorganism capable of growth under what conditions?
A facultative anaerobe is capable of growth under aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen)
conditions.
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