BIOD 171 Final

Exam Questions

and Answers

2021/2022

1. True or False: A virus is considered a microorganism. False. Viruses are not living and as such

are not considered microorganisms. Viruses can, however, be classified as microbes, a more

general term that includes microorganisms and viruses.

2. What is the smallest biological unit of life? A cell.

3. At a generalized level, all cells are comprised of what? Macromolecules*

*A student may also answer: Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids and Polysaccharides but they

must answer with all four to be fully correct.

4. How many different types of amino acids are available from which to make proteins? 20

5. Define an essential amino acid. An essential amino acid cannot be produced by the human

body and as such must be take in from the environment through alternative sources (i.e)

food.

6. What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles?

There are two major types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA

(ribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are chemical molecules that carry genetic information

within the cell. DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible

for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering

the hereditary information in DNA andusing it to synthesize proteins.

7. Complete the following DNA strand and indicate how many bonds are formed for each

complementary pair:

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