NFPT Exam 2 Questions and Answers Latest 2022 with Complete Solutions (Exam elaborations)

NFPT Exam 2 Questions and Answers Latest 2022 with Complete Solutions

(Exam elaborations)

ADLs stand for?

{{Ans- Activities of daily living

A tough but flexible connective tissue that covers the end of each bone is called?

{{Ans- Cartilage

Glands, located in many regions of the body, release chemical messengers called enzymes into the

bloodstream. These enzymes transport signals from one cell to another for the purpose of soliciting a

specific bodily response or function

{Ans- FALSE

Which division of the nervous system sends and receives information, and contains the brain and spinal

cord?

{{Ans- Central Nervous System (CNS)

The wrist is distal to the shoulder. the ________ is proximal to the wrist?

{{Ans- Elbow

These muscles, sometimes referred to as neutralizers, provide for assistance of the prime movers by

neutralizing the force of the movement through the plane of motion

{{Ans- Synergist

The quadrates lumborum stabilizes the spine in?

{{Ans-sagital, frontal and transverse plane

ALL

The movement of blood from one area of the body to another requires the ________ of vessels in the

region where blood is needed, and _______ of the vessels in all the other regions

{{Ans- vasodilation, vasoconstriction

widening, narrowing

Commonly referred to as the 'powerhouse' of the cell, these are organelles inside a cell that work

primarily to produce energy needed for daily recovery

{{Ans- Mitochondria

The process by which blood flows between the heart and the lungs

{{Ans- Pulmonary circulation

Fluids constantly move across separating membranes in order to maintain osmosis. Fluid that is found

outside the cell is called _____________ and it includes the __________ that transports elements like

hormones, proteins, and nutrients where the body needs them

{{Ans- Extracellular fluid, blood plasma

Among its many functions, the liver produces about 80% of the cholesterol in the body

{{Ans- TRUE

Which hormone is responsible for removing glucose from the blood stream?

{{Ans- insulin

A chief carbohydrate storage form of glucose is?

{{Ans- Muscle glycogen

Aerobic metabolism is also called?

{{Ans- Cell respiration

A balanced diet includes:

{{AnsRight proportions of various macro and micro nutrients

Variety which assures that functional requirements are being met

Balance that ensures few to no bodily function deficiencies exist

ALL TRUE

Which of the statements regarding micronutrients is/are correct?

{{Ans- They are not required in as large of a quantity as macro-nutrients

The definition "the absolute range of motion in a joint or serious of joints that is attainable in a

momentary effort with the help of a partner or a piece of equipment" described what?

{{Ans- Flexibility

During the performance of intense work, the adrenal glands are stimulated to release stress hormones

which actually result in catabolism of body tissues. When performing high intensity workouts, do this to

reduce this effect

{{Ans- Workout for a short duration

The body transition from an anaerobic metabolism to an aerobically dominated metabolism is primarily

dependent on which two major factors

{{Ans- Duration of exercise and intensity of exercise

When an endurance athlete is said to have "hit the wall" what does this mean?

{{Ans-

There is an exhaustion of glucose reserves in the liver and muscles

An abrupt loss of energy and sudden fatigue occurs

It is time to incorporate the performance and recovery of resistance training to increase glycogen stores

ALL TRUE

Besidestraining for strength and power, what other component should a true professional strength

based athlete train vigorously to outperform his competition

{{AnsCardio

Flexibility

Sport Activity

ALL correct

Which of the following is an adverse effect of steroid use?

{{Ans- Liver and kidney damage

Shutdown of hormone production

Gynecomastia

ALL true

Which somatotype is characterized by increased capacity for fat storage, viewed as overweight or big

boned, wide waist and shoulders, larger bone structure?

{{Ans- Endomorph

What is true about the relationship between muscle strength and muscle endurance?

{{Ans- They have an inverse relationship

Which of the following is true about fats, carbohydrates and proteins?

{{Ans- Fats have 9 cal per gram

Carbs and proteins have 4 cal per gram

The general goal of this type of training is to include short, high bursts of exercise followed by slightly

longer "recover" periods, where these recover periods are less intense single joint and postural

exercises

{{Ans- High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)

The capacity to move the body in different directions in rapid succession describes which performance

variable?

{{Ans- Agility

This testing is perhaps the most popular measure for someone's "body fat" status, most inaccurate due

to muscle mass being observed in direct context of the measurement.

{{Ans- Body Mass Index (BMI)

True or False

A personal trainer can play and manage the dietary needs of diseases individuals

{{Ans- False

Letting your client know that he or she is very capable of reaching their intended goals is an example of

building what type of character in your client?

{{Ans- Self efficiency

Type 1; juvenile diabetes occurs when the _________ produces too little insulin to regulate blood sugar

levels appropriately

{{Ans- Pancreas

_________ refers to inflammation of a joint(s) causing pain, swelling and stiffness

{{Ans- Arthritis

Depending upon intensity and volume, how many hours of rest do working muscles require?

{{Ans- between 48 - 72 hours

When icing an injury, how long should ice be applied to the injured area?

{{Ans- 15-30 mins every 2-4 hours

True or False

As a personal trainer its crucial and professionally prudent to maintain a CPR certification and

Emergency Medical System plan for ensuring clients safety in case of an emergency situation

{{Ans- TRUE

A client who progresses fastest in the 4-6 rep range may have a predominance of white fast twitch

motor units in those particular prime movers, and would probably make a better strength athlete

{{Ans- TRUE

The body views ________ as the most efficient source of survival energy

{{Ans- Fat

What method can speed up metabolism:?

{{Ans- Performing resistance exercise

Eating many small meals throughout the day

both answers correct

Which best offers protection of the personal trainer against a lawsuit brought on as a result of

negligence of a personal trainer?

{{Ans- Waiver of liability

5 components of physical health

{{Ans- cardiorespiratory conditioning, muscular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, body

composition

SPICES {{Ans- Social health

Physical health

Intellectual health

Cognitive health

Emotional health

Spiritual health

Cardiorespiratory system {{Ans- endurance

Muscular endurance {{Ans- amount of strength that can be repeated several times

Flexibility {{Ans-range of motion in given joints

Body composition {{Ans- Amount of body fat relative to the total weight or as compared to lean mass

What are 3 additional factors that are specific to the fitness regiments of athletes and sports teams?

{{Ans- agility, speed and mobility

Intellectual health {{Ans- capacity to assimilate and integrate new information into ones thinking and

thought process

Cognitive health {{Ans-(grouped with mental health) has to do with the way we process info in the brain

including:

the way we see, the world around it includes brain functioning in the areas of conceptual and perceptual

skill, language learning as well as many other brain development functions

Emotional health {{Ans-includes self esteem, self awareness, self acceptance, self image and our

capacities to deal with adversity and stress

Including our ability to intimate, not just sexual with a significant other

Spiritual health {{Ans- Focused on the connection of ourselves with a higher power, a sense of purpose,

self actualization and inner joy

Often described as self acceptance, repentance for misdeeds, a willingness to forgive and forget

What are the three categories of motivating factors for positive behavior? {{Ans- predisposing factors,

enabling factors and reinforcing factors

Predisposing factorsinclude {{Ans- knowledge, attitude, beliefs and perceptions

Enabling factors {{Ans-skills, resources, physical and mental capabilities

Reinforcing factors {{Ans- Praise from other rewards, encouragement and recognition

What factors do personal trainers typically fall into? {{Ans-reinforcing factors

Some things added to life to invoke positive change? {{Ans-taking time for meaningful reflection,

reading a book, socializing with friends and family, adding a physical component and healthy eating to

daily living

What areas of exercise therapy would require a highly trained exercise physiologist or physician to

prescribe appropriate regiments? {{Ans- cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, joint injury, or

obesity/metabolic disorders including diabetes and hypertension

Muscle purpose {{Ans- Produce force, maintain posture, allow for movement and produce heat

All muscle action originates and is controlled by? {{Ans-the brain which sends and receives signals

through the nervous system

What gets pulled during a muscle contraction? {{Ans-tendons, the strong CT that connects muscles to

bones

Two parts of a muscle {{Ans- origin and insertion

Muscle origin {{Ans-the point at which the muscle joins the stationary bone

closest to the center of the body

Muscle insertion {{Ans-the point at which muscle joins "moving boat" when a muscle contracts the

insertion moves TOWARD the origin

How many muscles in the average adult body? {{Ans- 656

STATEMENT {{Ans- muscles are joined together to form muscle groups to execute bodily movement

they CAN get shorter but CANNOT push

STATEMENT {{Ans- In muscle groups, when one group pulls the other group pulls back and as one team

pulls the other team relaxes

Muscle types {{Ans-skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Two subtypes of muscles {{Ans- involuntary and voluntary

how many muscles are voluntary and how many bones do they control? {{Ans- 430 voluntary muscles

controlling 206 bones

What types of muscles are voluntary? {{Ans-skeletal

What type of muscles are involuntary? {{Ans-smooth AND cardiac including:

cardiovascular tissue

heart

blood vessels

lining of the internal and respiratory tracts

What internal system supplies muscles with the necessary oxygen and nutrients to survive? {{Anscardiorespiratory system

Bones in the adult body? {{Ans- 206, born with 350

5 major functions of the skeletal system {{Ans- Protect vital organs

Sports our bodies framework giving us an upright and vertical shape

Produces red and white blood cells in the bone marrow

Stores minerals and fat

Releases minerals into the blood as needed

largest bone in the body {{Ans- femur

what are the rounded nodules, or outgrowths, on bones that generally act as sites for muscle insertions?

{{Ans- Tubercles

ex: tibial tuberosity creates an attachment point for the patellar ligament

What is a joint? {{Ans- location at two or more bones, come together for movement and mechanical

support

What is a ligament? {{Ans- Strong stretchy bands of fibrous tissue that hold joints together

What is cartilage? {{Ans- covers the end of each bone and is a tough flexible CT that has a smooth, shiny

surface

What is the name of the slippery fluid located between bones? {{Ans- Synovial fluid

keeps bones from scratching and bumping against each other during movement

Tendon {{Ans- connects MUSCLE to BONE

Ligament {{Ans- connects BONE to BONE

How many liters of blood does the human body contain? {{Ans- 4-5 liters

STATWMENT {{Ans- Blood is the transport system by which oxygen and nutrients reach the body cells

and waste materials are carried away

Hormones {{Ans- Regulatory substances transported in tissue fluids for stimulating specific cells that

control the specific body process

On which side of the heart does the blood enter and what color is it? {{Ans- blood enters on the RIGHT

side of the heart and is dark red bluish and is low in oxygen

circulatory system {{Ans- blood travels from the RIGHT side of the heart along the pulmonary arteries to

the lungs, where it receives oxygen and becomes bright red

it then flows along the pulmonary veins to the hearts LEFT side pump. Blood then leaves the left side of

the heart and travels to the rest of the body through arteries, going away from the heart

In relation to the heart, blood travels in what direction through the ARTERIES? {{Ans- away from the

heart

In relation to the heart, blood travels in what direction through the VEINS? {{Ans-towards the heart

What occurs in the capillaries? {{Ans-food and oxygen are released to the body's cells and carbon

dioxide and waste products are returned to the bloodstream

After which the blood travels through the veins back to the heart the process starts again

When we breath the body takes in oxygen and removes? {{Ans-carbon dioxide

What the windpipe? {{Ans- Trachea, allows passage of air into the lungs

What is the name for the tubes that carry air into each lung? {{Ans- bronchi

Bronchi divide into even smaller tubes called? {{Ans- bronchioles

What is the name for the small air sacs located at the end of each bronchiole? {{Ans-alveoli

What is the respiratory system? {{Ans- bodys system that deals with breathing

Our breathing process is controlled by which muscle? {{Ans-Diaphragm, which is located in the torso

underneath the lungs

Does the diaphragm contract or does it expand and flatten? {{Ans-It flattens, causing the chest to

expand and air to be sucked into the lungs

What test can you perform to determine an individuals oxygen intake in one breath? {{Ans- VO2 max

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending and receiving information to and from the

entire body and consists of the brain and spinal cord? {{Ans- CNS central nervous system

Order of the digestive system {{Ans- Mouth

Esophagus

Stomach

Pancreas

Gallbladder

Sm intestine

Liver

Lg intestine

Rectum

Anus

Esophagus {{Ans- muscular tube that takes food from the throat and pushes it down though the neck

and into the stomach

It moves food by waves of muscle contractions called peristalsis

Stomach {{Ans- Secretes strong protein digesting juices and acids that attacked the food and a chemical

whey break down and dissolving its nutrients

when the food is broken down it moves to the sm. intestine

Pancreas {{Ans- Glandular organ in the digestive and endocrine system. In the digestive system it acts

much like the stomach & makes powerful digestive juices (enzymes)

Also where insulin and glucagon are released to control blood sugar levels

Gall bladder {{Ans-sm bag like part that is tucked UNDER the liver

stores fluid called bile (bile is made in the liver)

as food from a meal arrives in the sm intestine, bile flows from the gallbladder along the bile duct into

the intestine .. this vile acts especially to further digest fatty foods

Sm intestine {{Ans-this is where the absorption of nutrients occur

nutrients are sm enough to pass through the lining of the sm intestine and into the blood

these nutrients are then carried into the liver and other parts of the body to be processed and

distributed

Liver {{Ans- blood from the intestines flows to the liver, carrying nutrients, vitamins, minerals and other

products for digestion.

the liver stores some nutrients, changes from one form to another and then releases them into the

blood

Lg intestine {{Ans- useful substances in the leftovers, such as spare water and minerals are absorbed

through the wall of lg intestine and back into the bloodstream

The remains are formed into semi solid waste product, feces to be removed from the body

Rectum and Anus{{Ans- The end of the lg intestine, the rectum stores feces which are squeezed through

a ring of muscle. the anus and out of the body

Bodys defense mechanisms for bad gems {{Ans- Skin

Lining of the respiratory and digestive passageways

Blood-clotting process

White blood cells and other substances in the blood

Thymus gland in the chest

Sm lymph nodes or glands are located throughout the body

What is the job of the white blood cells in regards to the body immune system? {{Ans- WBCs attack any

germs that are present in the body

Where are white cells located as far as our immune system? {{Ans- lymph nodes

thymus gland

spleen

tonsils

adenoids

Thymus gland {{Ans- Located in front of the heart and behind the sternum

It produces and educates to cell

T cells are orchestrated in the thymus for the purpose of attacking foreign substances and responding to

infected cells

The thymus is most active during childhood and puberty

Spleen {{Ans-located just behind the stomach on the left side

makes and stores various kinds of white blood cells

works to decrease susceptibility and fight off infection

Tonsils and adenoids {{Ans-These help to destroy foreign substances that are breathing or swallowed

Adenoids are located at the rear of the nasal cavity where the nose and throat meet

Tonsils are patched of lymph tissue at the upper part of the throat

Endocrine system {{Ans- Similar to the nervous system, but made up of glands that mainly use hormones

as information channels

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the blood stream

Glands {{Ans- located in many regions of the body, release chemical messengers called hormones into

the bloodstream

Hormones transport signals from one cell to another for the purpose of generating a specific response,

regulating the varied functions of the organic such as mood, sleep, growth, development and

metabolism

Homeostasis {{Ans-The regulating and stabilizing of the body's internal properties

Pituitary gland {{Ans- The junction where the nervous system comes together at the hypothalamus

The gland is attached to the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain and secretes

hormones that affect and control functions

EX: skeletal growth, development of sex glands, blood pressure and pain relief, and the stimulating

functions of other endocrine glands

Thyroid gland {{Ans- controls how quickly the body uses energy and regulates metabolism

Adrenal gland {{Ans-synthesizes and releases hormones in response to stress, such as adrenaline and

noradrenaline

Pineal gland {{Ans- produces hormone melatonin which stimulates and affects our sleep and daily

rhythmic patterns

Exocrine gland {{Ans-such as salivary glands, sweat glands within the gastrointestinal tract excrete their

product to an external environment by way of ducts

Bilateral {{Ans- on both sides of the body

Unilateral {{Ans- one side of the body

Peripheral {{Ans-towards the extremities

Biomechanical movement {{Ans-the study of mechanical movement of the human body within the

actions of external and internal forces

Kinesiology {{Ans- Study of human physiology and mechanics of human movement

Kinematics {{Ans- branch of biomechanics thatspecifically studies the time taken to carry out an activity

Biomechanics {{Ans-Kinesiology applied to the biological function of human movement

Focuses on the effects of the forces of life external and internal on human mechanics

Flexion {{Ans- bending of a joint that decreases the angle

Extension {{Ans-straightening of a joint that increases the angle

Circumlocution {{Ans- motion of a circular movement like rotating the foot around the ankle

Protraction {{Ans- Anterior movement of a body part

Rotation {{Ans- both internal and external rotation

internal rotation - movement of the body part about its axis turning inward or towards center / midline

External rotation - movement turning outward from center / midline of body

protraction {{Ans- anterior movement of a body part

retraction {{Ans- posterior movement of a body part

HYPOextension {{Ans- extension that is less than normal, under extended

HYPERextension {{Ans-extension beyond normal limits, over extended

Gliding {{Ans- movement of non angular joints over each other

Deviation {{Ans-departure from the midline

What are the six movements specific to hands / palms / feet {{Ans- Pronation, supination, inversion,

erosion, dorsiflection, plantar, plantarflexion

Pronation {{Ans- Palm of hand turning downward into a posterior position when arm is by its side

Supination {{Ans- Palm of hand turning upward into a posterior position when arm is by its side

Inversion {{Ans- Turning both feet inward so the soles face each other

Everison {{Ans-turning both feet outward so the soles face away from each other

Dorsiflection {{Ans-ankle pointing up towards the shin

Plantarflexion {{Ans-Ankle pointing foot downward

Four main types of muscle contractions {{Ans- Isometric, isokinetic, isotonic concentric and isotonic

eccentric

What is the purpose of muscle contraction {{Ans- Allow for the given muscle to perform work and move

within its range of motion

Range of Motion (ROM) {{Ans-the degree of freedom for which a joint can move through

Isometric contraction {{Ans-the load on the muscle is greater than the generated tension, results in no

movement taking place

Isokinetic contraction {{Ans- Muscle contracts and shortens at a constant rate of speed, allows the

muscle to gain strength evenly throughout the entire ROM

This is the quickest method for increasing muscle strength but requires equipment that increases the

load as it senses the contractions speeding up

Isotonic contractions {{Ans- The load on the muscles is less than the generate attention and results in

movement taking place

Tension is developed and mechanical work can be done

Isotonic concentric contraction {{Ans- Causes the muscle to DECREASE/SHORTEN in length and the angle

of the joint to decrease

referred to as the POSITIVE part of a repetition, it brings the involved bones together

This is usually an active and voluntary action resulting in movement

Determining the concentric phase in exercises {{Ans-squat -standing up

chest press - lowering the bar

lat pull - pulling the bar down

Isotonic eccentric contraction {{Ans- causes the muscle to INCREASE/LENGTHEN in length and the angle

of a joint to increase

referred to as the POSITIVE part of a repetition, it brings the involved bones together.

Active and voluntary action resulting in movement

Determining the eccentric phase in exercises {{Ans- Squat - lowering down

chest press - pushing the bar up

lat pull - letting the bar go back up

Four planes of motion {{Ans- Sagittal, frontal, transverse, parasagittal

Sagittal plane / exercises that take place here {{Ans- Divides the left from the right sides

motions include flexion and extension such as squats, lunges, walking, running, arm curls

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