BCBA exam Fluency Solution Guide

3 levels of scientific understanding - DPC

Description

Prediction

Control

Description - Systematic observations that can be quantified & classified

Prediction - AKA: correlation; covariation

2 events may regularly occur at the same time. This does not mean one causes the other

Control - AKA: causation

Functional relation.

The highest level of scientific understanding.

Experimental demonstration that manipulating one event (IV) results in another event (DV).

6 attitudes of science

Philosophical assumptions of bx - DEER PP

Determinism

Empiricism

Experimentation

Replication

Parimony

Philosophical Doubt

Determinism - Cause & effect

Lawfulness

Orderly & predictable

Empiricism - Facts

Experimental, data-based scientific approach, drawing upon observation & experience.

Requires objective qualification & detailed description of events.

Experimentation - Basic strategy of most sciences.

Requires manipulating variables to see effects on DV.

Experiment to determine if one event caused another.

Replication - Repeating experiments

Parisomy - The simplest theory.

All simple & logical explanations must be ruled out first before complex explanations.

Philosophical Doubt - Having healthy skepticism & a critical eye

7 dimensions of ABA - BATCAGE or GET A CAB

Behavioral

Applied

Technological

Conceptually Systematic

Analytic

Generality

Effective

Behavioral - Observable events.

Must be a bx in need of improvement.

Applied - Socially significant bxs

Technological - Procedures clearly & precisely so they are replicable.

RECIPE

Conceptually Systematic - Procedures should be based on principles of ABA

Analytic - AKA: Functional Relation, Experimentation, Control, Causation

A functional relation is demonstrated.

Generality - AKA: Generalization

Extends bx change across time, settings, or other bxs

Effective - Improves bx in a practical manner

Mentalism Terminology - Hypothetical Constructs

Explanatory Fictions

Circular Reasoning

4 Branches of Behavior Analysis - CASE

Conceptual Analysis of Behavior

ABA

Behavior Service Delivery

Experimental Analysis of Bx (EAB)

2 types of bx - Respondent

Operant

Respondent Bx - AKA: Reflex, Reflexive Relations, Unconditioned, US-UR

Elicited

Involuntary

Reflex

Habituation

Habituation - Eliciting stimulus is presented repeatedly that respondent bx diminishes

Phylogenic - Bx that is genetic

Respondent conditioning - AKA: Classical Conditioning, Pavlovian Conditioning, S-S Pairing, CSCR

When new stimuli acquire the ability to elicit respondents.

Operant Behavior - AKA: S-R-S, 3 term contingency, ABC

Emit/evoke

Bx whose probability is determined by its history of consequences.

Voluntary action.

Operants defined in terms of their relationship to controlling variables.

FUNCTION.

Encompasses both reinforcement & punishment.

Adaptation

Adaptation - Reductions in responding by repeated or prolonged presentation to antecedent

stimulus.

Ontogentic - Learning that results from interactions with environment

Operant Contingency - AKA: Behavioral Contingency, Contingency, 3-term Contingency, ABC

The occasion for a response (SD), the response, & the outcome.

The dependency of a particular consequence on the occurrence of the bx.

Reinforcer or punisher is "contingent" on a bx

3-term contingency

ABC - What is the primary analysis in ABA?

Contiguity - When 2 stimuli occur close together in time, resulting in an association of those 2

stimuli.

3 Principles of Bx - PER

Punishment

Extinction

Reinforcement

All strategies are derived from these 3 principles.

applied - ABA is a(n) _______ science.

ABA - A scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that reliably influence

socially significant bx & for developing a technology of bx change that is practical & applicable

Science - To achieve a thorough understanding of the phenomena under study (socially

significant bxs)

Response - A single instance of bx.

Behavior - Larger set/class or responses that share physical dimensions or functions.

Response Class - A group of bxs that comprise an operant.

Operant: Response-consequence relationship. Similar bxs that are strengthened or weakened

collectively as a result of operant conditioning.

Yes.

Can widely vary in form but are limited in topographical variations. - Can responses in the same

response class look different?

Repertoire - 1. All bxs that an individual can do.

2. A collection of knowledge & skills an individual has learned that are relevant to a particular

task.

Environment - Complex, dynamic universe of events that differs from instance to instance.

All bx occurs within an environmental context.

Stimulus - Physical events that affect the bx of an individual.

Internal or external to the individual.

An energy change that affects an organism through its receptor cells.

Stimulus Class - A group of antecedent stimuli that have a common effect on an operant class.

Group members of a stimulus class tend to evoke or abate the same bx or response class, yet

may vary across physical dimensions.

3 Types of Stimulus Classes - FTF (For The Fun)

Formal: Physical features

Temporal: time

Functional: effect of the stimulus on the bx, can be multiple functions of a single stimulus

Feature Stimulus Class - Stimuli share:

common topographies

relative relations

INFINITE number of stimuli

developed through stimulus generalization

Arbitrary Stimulus Class - Stimuli that evoke the same response, but they do NOT share a

common stimulus feature. They do not physically look alike or share a relative relationship.

LIMITED number of stimuli

Developed through stimulus equivalence.

Consequences - Only affect FUTURE bx.

Consequences select response classes, NOT individual responses.

Immediate consequences have the greatest effect.

Automaticity

(of R & P) - A person does not have to know what a consequence means for it to work.