ATI Med Surg test Latest Verified Questions and all Correct Answers with Explanations Managements

of Patients with Burn Injury 100% Correct Answers, Download to Score A

1. A patient is brought to the emergency department from the site of a chemical fire, where he

suffered a burn that involves the epidermis, dermis, and the muscle and bone of the right arm. On

inspection, the skin appears charred. Based on these assessment findings, what is the depth of the burn

on the patients arm?

A) Superficial partial-thickness

B) Deep partial-thickness

C) Full partial-thickness

D) Full-thickness

Ans: D

Feedback:

A full-thickness burn involves total destruction of the epidermis and dermis and, in some cases,

underlying tissue as well. Wound color ranges widely from white to red, brown, or black. The burned

area is painless because the nerve fibers are destroyed. The wound can appear leathery; hair follicles

and sweat glands are destroyed. Edema may also be present. Superficial partial-thickness burns involve

the epidermis and possibly a portion of the dermis; the patient will experience pain that is soothed by

cooling. Deep partial-thickness burns involve the epidermis, upper dermis, and portion of the deeper

dermis; the patient will complain of pain and sensitivity to cold air. Full partial thickness is not a depth of

burn.

2. The current phase of a patients treatment for a burn injury prioritizes wound care, nutritional

support, and prevention of complications such as infection. Based on these care priorities, the patient is

in what phase of burn care?

A) Emergent

B) Immediate resuscitative

C) Acute

D) Rehabilitation

Ans: C

Feedback:

The acute or intermediate phase of burn care follows the emergent/resuscitative phase and begins 48 to

72 hours after the burn injury. During this phase, attention is directed toward continued assessment and

maintenance of respiratory and circulatory status, fluid and electrolyte balance, and gastrointestinal

function. Infection prevention, burn wound care (i.e., wound cleaning, topical antibacterial therapy,

wound dressing, dressing changes, wound dbridement, and wound grafting), pain management, and

nutritional support are priorities at this stage. Priorities during the emergent or immediate resuscitative

phase include first aid, prevention of shock and respiratory distress, detection and treatment of

concomitant injuries, and initial wound assessment and care. The priorities during the rehabilitation

phase include prevention of scars and contractures, rehabilitation, functional and cosmetic

reconstruction, and psychosocial counseling.

3. A patient in the emergent/resuscitative phase of a burn injury has had blood work and arterial

blood gases drawn. Upon analysis of the patients laboratory studies, the nurse will expect the results to

indicate what?

A) Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, elevated hematocrit, and metabolic acidosis

B) Hypokalemia, hypernatremia, decreased hematocrit, and metabolic acidosis

C) Hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, decreased hematocrit, and metabolic alkalosis

D) Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, elevated hematocrit, and metabolic alkalosis

Ans: A

Feedback:

Fluid and electrolyte changes in the emergent/resuscitative phase of a burn injury include hyperkalemia

related to the release of potassium into the extracellular fluid, hyponatremia from large amounts of

sodium lost in trapped edema fluid, hemoconcentration that leads to an increased hematocrit, and loss

of bicarbonate ions that results in metabolic acidosis.

4. A patient has experienced an electrical burn and has developed thick eschar over the burn site.

Which of the following topical antibacterial agents will the nurse expect the physician to order for the

wound?

A) Silver sulfadiazine 1% (Silvadene) water-soluble cream

B) Mafenide acetate 10% (Sulfamylon) hydrophilic-based cream

C) Silver nitrate 0.5% aqueous solution

D) Acticoat

Ans: B

Feedback:

Mafenide acetate 10% hydrophilic-based cream is the agent of choice when there is a need to penetrate

thick eschar. Silver products do not penetrate eschar; Acticoat is a type of silver dressing.

5. An occupational health nurse is called to the floor of a factory where a worker has sustained a

flash burn to the right arm. The nurse arrives and the flames have been extinguished. The next step is to

cool the burn. How should the nurse cool the burn?

A) Apply ice to the site of the burn for 5 to 10 minutes.

B) Wrap the patients affected extremity in ice until help arrives.

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