Lab 14 The Urinary System BIO202L

Student Name: Michelle Reed

Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): AC-85IRQVO

Pre-Lab Questions

1. What is the function of the ureter?

They are muscular tubules that link the kidneys to the bladder.

2. Compare and contrast the male and female urethra.

Females urethra is only for urinating, but males urethra is for both urination and

ejaculation.

3. Describe the two layers of the kidneys.

Renal capsule = a layer of collagen fibers that cover the outer surface of the organ

Perinephric fat = stabilizes the organ

Experiment 1: Kidney Filtration

Table 1: Solutions Present in Each Container Before 60 Minutes Submersion

Solution Dialysis Tubing Beaker

Congo Red yes no

Yellow Food Coloring yes no

Table 2: Solutions Present in Each Container After 60 Minutes Submersion

Solution Dialysis Tubing Beaker

Congo Red yes no

Yellow Food Coloring no yes

Lab 14 The Urinary System BIO202L

Post-Lab Questions

”1. What specific part of the kidney does the dialysis tubing represent? What is this part’s

function?”

The dialysis tubing represents the kidneys filtration through the ureter, which transports urine

towards the urinary bladder.

”2. What does the yellow food coloring represent at the end of the experiment? What does the

Congo Red represent? ”

Yellow represents the urine being filtered by the nephrons at the end of the experiment, and

congo red represents blood.

”3. Why is it important that the kidney filters the blood? ”

To be sure that blood has the correct chemical composition, and is free of wastes and toxins.

Wastes are sent to the blood, and if the kidneys did not remove them, these could cause

damage to the body.

Experiment 2: Urinalysis

Table 3: Urine Test

Test Normal Abnormal

pH 4.5 - 7.5

Acidic Urine (below 4.5) - Diabetes, starvation, dehydration,

respiratory acidosis.

Alkaline Urine (above 7.5) - Kidney disease, kidney failure, urinary

tract infection, respiratory alkalosis.

Glucose None Glucose present (red or green color after test); diabetes mellitus.

Protein None Protein present (violet color after test); kidney disease.

Yeast None Yeast present (bubbles form after test); yeast infection in urinary

tract.

Ketones Little or

None

Large amount of ketones present (sweet smell of urine); starvation,

prolonged vomiting, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and other metabolic

disorders.

Table 4: Simulated Urine pH Test

Simulated Urine Sample pH

A 7

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