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fundamentals

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G R A D E S L A B . C O M

Chapter 01: Nursing Today

Potter et al.: Fundamentals of Nursing, 10th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 1. Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on health?

a. Florence Nightingale

b. Mary Nutting

c. Clara Barton

d. Lillian Wald

ANS: A

Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected

poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald

came after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary

Nutting was instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara Barton founded

the American Red Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.

DIF: Understand (comprehension)

OBJ: Discuss the influence of social, historical, political, and economic changes on nursing practices.

TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 2. The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which standard of

nursing practice is the nurse following?

a. Assessment

b. Diagnosis

c. Planning

d. Implementation

ANS: C

In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to

attain expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive

data pertinent to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse

analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the

registered nurse implements (carries out) the identified plan.

DIF: Understand (comprehension)

OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Planning

MSC: Management of Care

 3. An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of

proficiency is the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?

a. Novice

b. Proficient

c. Competent

d. Advanced beginner

ANS: A

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G R A D E S L A B . C O M

A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous

level of experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in

home health) is an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical

situation as a whole, is able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge

gained from multiple previous experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the

organization and specific care required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or

orthopedic patients). This nurse is a competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing

care and establish long-range goals. A nurse who has had some level of experience with the

situation is an advanced beginner. This experience may only be observational in nature, but

the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care.

DIF: Apply (application)

OBJ: Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. TOP: Evaluation

MSC: Management of Care

 4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink more fluids.

The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse

demonstrating?

a. Licensure

b. Autonomy

c. Certification

d. Accountability

ANS: B

Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of

independent nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United

States, the RN candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN®. Beyond the NCLEX-RN®, the nurse

may choose to work toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice. Accountability

means that you are responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing

care provided.

DIF: Apply (application)

OBJ: Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation

MSC: Management of Care

 5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse

implementing?

a. Educator

b. Manager

c. Advocate

d. Caregiver

ANS: B

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G R A D E S L A B . C O M

A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing

care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or

facility. As an educator, you explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for

routine care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning

or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient’s progress in learning. As a patient advocate, you

protect your patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if

the need arises. As a caregiver, you help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease

and symptoms, and attain a maximal level function and independence through the healing

process.

DIF: Apply (application)

OBJ: Describe the roles and career opportunities for nurses. TOP: Implementation

MSC: Management of Care

 6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced practice

nurse. However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and theory development. To

fulfill this desire, which program should the nurse attend?

a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc)

b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD)

c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP)

d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN)

ANS: B

Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory development

and award the research-oriented Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in nursing. Professional doctoral

programs in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply research findings to clinical

nursing. The DNP is a practice doctorate that prepares advanced practice nurses such as nurse

practitioners.

DIF: Understand (comprehension)

OBJ: Describe educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN) education.

TOP: Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care

 7. A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the American Nurses

Association. Which type of education did the nurse receive?

a. Graduate education

b. Inservice education

c. Continuing education

d. Registered nurse education

ANS: C

Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered by

universities, hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations, and

educational and health care institutions. After obtaining a baccalaureate degree in nursing, you

can pursue graduate education leading to a master’s or doctoral degree in any number of

graduate fields, including nursing. Inservice education programs are instruction or training

provided by a health care facility or institution. Registered nurse education is the education

preparation for an individual intending to be an RN.

DIF: Apply (application)

OBJ: Describe educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN) education.

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