Fundamentals of Nursing Care: Concepts, Connections & Skills Edition 3

Test Bank

Chapter 1 The Vista of Nursing

1. The first practicing nurse epidemiologist was

a. Florence Nightingale.

b. Mildred Montag.

c. Clara Barton.

d. Mary Agnes Snively.

ANS: A

Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor

sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mildred Montag, Clara Barton, and Mary Agnes Snively

came after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Clara Barton

founded the American Red Cross. Dr. Mildred Montag established the first associate degree

nursing program in 1952. Mary Agnes Snively began forming the Canadian National Association

of Trained Nurses in 1883.

2. The American Red Cross was founded by

a. Florence Nightingale.

b. Harriet Tubman.

c. Clara Barton.

d. Mary Mahoney.

ANS: C

In 1882, the United States ratified the American Red Cross, founded by Clara Barton. Florence

Nightingale established the Training School for Nurses in London, England, in 1860. Harriet

Tubman was active in the Underground Railroad movement during the American Civil War.

Mary Mahoney was the first professionally trained African American nurse.

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3. Nurses working in the Henry Street Settlement in 1893 were among the first nurses to

demonstrate autonomy in practice. This was because those nurses

a. Had no ability to work in the hospital setting.

b. Were required to use critical thinking skills.

c. Focused solely on healing the very ill.

d. Planned their care around research findings.

ANS: B

In 1893, nurses working in the Henry Street Settlement were some of the first to demonstrate

autonomy in practice because they encountered situations that required quick and innovative

problem solving and critical thinking, and provided therapies aimed at maintaining wellness, as

well as curing the ill. Nursing hospitals expanded in the late nineteenth century and were major

providers of nursing care. Not until the early twentieth century was there a movement toward a

scientific, research-based body of nursing knowledge.

4. In 1923, the Goldmark Report was an important study that

a. Formed formal nurse midwifery programs.

b. Established the Center for Ethics and Human Rights.

c. Revised the ANA code of ethics.

d. Led to the development of the Yale School of Nursing.

ANS: D

In 1923, the Goldmark Report identified the need for increased financial support for universitybased schools of nursing. As a result, the Yale School of Nursing was developed. Graduate nurse

midwifery programs did not come into existence until the 1940s, and the Center for Ethics and

Human Rights was founded in 1990. The ANA code of ethics was published in 1985 and was

last updated in 2001.

5. The major difference between a baccalaureate degree nursing program and an associates

degree nursing program is that the baccalaureate program includes studies in

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a. Basic sciences and theoretical courses.

b. Social sciences and humanities.

c. Theoretical and clinical courses.

d. Basic sciences and clinical courses.

ANS: B

Both associates degree programs and baccalaureate programs focus on basic sciences and on

theoretical and clinical courses. Baccalaureate programs, however, also focus on courses in the

social sciences, arts, and humanities to support nursing theory.

6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced practice

nurse and has earned her masters degree as a family nurse practitioner. However, she seems

unfulfilled and has a strong desire to do research. To fulfill her desire, the nurse most likely

would apply to attend a program that would lead to a

a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc).

b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD).

c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP).

d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN).

ANS: B

PhD programs emphasize basic research and theory and are research oriented. Professional

doctoral programs in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply research findings to

clinical nursing. The DNP is a practice doctorate that prepares advanced practice nurses such as

nurse practitioners.

7. The nurse is caring for her patients and is focused on managing their care as opposed to

managing and performing skills. This nurse demonstrates which level of proficiency according to

Benner?

a. Novice

b. Competent

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c. Proficient

d. Expert

ANS: C

The proficient nurse focuses on managing care as opposed to managing and performing skills.

The novice nurse deals with a specific set of rules or procedures, which are usually stepwise and

linear. The competent nurse understands the organization and the specific care required by

specific types of patients and has experience with psychomotor skills. The expert nurse identifies

patient-centered problems, as well as problems related to the health care system.

8. Which of the following resources guides faculty on structure and evaluation of the nursing

curriculum?

a. ANAs Standards of Nursing Practice

b. Essentials of Baccalaureate Education

c. NLNAC Interpretive Guidelines

d. Standards of Professional Performance

ANS: B

The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) published Essentials of

Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing: A Final Report (1998), which guides faculty

on structure and evaluation of the curriculum and the performance of the graduate. The ANAs

Standards of Nursing Practice demonstrates the critical thinking model known as the nursing

process. Standards of Professional Performance describes a competent level of behavior in the

professional role. NLNAC Interpretive Guidelines identifies core competencies for the

professional nurse.

9. The nurse is caring for the patient who has had major abdominal surgery and also has a large

sacral pressure sore. The nurse implements coughing and deep breathing exercises and consults

the wound care specialist to evaluate and prescribe care for the pressure sore, even though no

physician order has provided instructions to do so. In doing this, the nurse is implementing the

element of

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