ATI pediatrics proctored exam Chapter 1: Family centered nursing care 1. Parenting styles -Dictatorial or authoritarian: -Parents try to control the child’s behaviors and attitudes through unquestioned rules and expectations -Ex: The child is never allowed to watch television on school nights -Permissive: -Parents exert little or no control over the child’s behaviors, and consult the child when making decisions -Ex: The child assists with deciding whether he will watch television -Democratic or authoritative: -Parents direct the child’s behavior by setting rules and explaining the reason for each rule setting -Ex: The child can watch television for 1 hr on school nights after completing all of his homework and chores -Parents negatively reinforce deviations form the rules -Ex: The privilege is taken away but later reinstated based on new guidelines Chapter 2: Physical assessment findings 1. Vital signs -Usually vital signs are all high except for BP -Temperature: -3 – 6 months 99.5 -1 year 99.9 -3 year 99.0 -5 years 98.6 -7 years 98.2 -9 – 11 years 98.1 -13 years 97.9 -Pulse: -Newborn 80 – 180/min -1 weeks – 3 months 80 – 220/min -3 months – 2 years 70 – 150/min -2 – 10 years 60 – 110/min -10 years and older 50 – 90/min -Respirations: -Newborn – 1year 30 – 35/min -1 – 2 years 25 – 30/min -2 – 6 years 21 – 25/min -6 – 12 years 19 – 21/min -12 years and older 16 – 19/min -Blood pressure: -Low as a baby but increases the older they get -Infants: -Systolic: 65-78 -Diastolic: 41-52 2. Head -Fontanels should be flat -Posterior fontanel: -Closes by 6-8 weeks -Anterior fontanel: -Closes by 12-18 months 3. Teeth -Infants should have 6-8 teeth by 1 year old -Children and adolescents should have teeth that are white and smooth, and begin replacing the 20 deciduous teeth with 32 permanent teeth 4. Infant Reflexes Stepping Birth to 4 weeks Palmar Grasp Birth to 3 months Tonic Neck Reflex (Fencer Position) Birth to 3 – 4 months Sucking and Rooting Reflex Birth to 4 months Moro Reflex (Fall backward) Birth to 4 months Startle Reflex (Loud Noise) Birth to 4 months Plantar Reflex Birth to 8 months Babinski Reflex Birth to 1 year Chapter 3: Health promotion of infants (2 days to 1 year) 1. Physical Development -Weight: -Doubled by 5 months -Tripled by 12 months -Quartered by 30 months -Height: -2.5 cm (1 in) per month for the first 6 months -Length: -Increases by 50% by 12 months -Dentition: -First teeth erupt between 6-10 months 2. Motor skill development  1 Month o Head lag o Strong grasp reflex  2 Months o Lifts head when prone