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Chapter 01: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Cooper: Adult Health Nursing, 8th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The anatomic term ____ means toward the midline.

a. anterior

b. posterior

c. medial

d. cranial

ANS: C

The term medial indicates an anatomic direction toward the midline.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 1 OBJ: 2

TOP: Anatomic terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

2. What are the smallest living components in our body?

a. Cells

b. Organs

c. Electrons

d. Osmosis

ANS: A

Cells are considered to be the smallest living units of structure and function in our body.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 4 OBJ: 6

TOP: Structural levels of organization KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

3. What is the largest organelle, responsible for cell reproduction and control of other

organelles?

a. Nucleus

b. Ribosome

c. Mitochondrion

d. Golgi apparatus

ANS: A

The nucleus is the largest organelle within the cell.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 5 OBJ: 8

TOP: Parts of the cell KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

4. When the patient complains of pain in the bladder, the patient will indicate discomfort in

which body cavity?

a. Pelvic

b. Mediastinum

c. Dorsal

d. Abdominal

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NU

RS

IN

GT

B.CO

M

ANS: A

A subdivision called the pelvic cavity contains the lower portion of the large intestine (lower

sigmoid colon, rectum), urinary bladder, and internal structures of the reproductive system.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 3 OBJ: 5

TOP: Body cavity KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

5. The four phases of cell division all occur in:

a. diffusion.

b. mitosis.

c. osmosis.

d. filtration.

ANS: B

During mitosis, the cell goes through four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and

telophase.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 7 OBJ: 9

TOP: Cell division KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

6. Telophase is which phase of cell reproduction during mitosis?

a. First phase

b. Latent phase

c. Final phase

d. Spindle phase

ANS: C

During this final phase of cell division, the two nuclei appear and the chromosomes disperse.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 7 OBJ: 9

TOP: Cell division KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

7. The nurse is aware that which muscle group is both striated and involuntary?

a. Skeletal

b. Glial

c. Cardiac

d. Visceral

ANS: C

The cardiac muscle is both striated and involuntary.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 9 OBJ: 11

TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning

MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

8. What is a group of several different kinds of tissues arranged so that together they can

perform a more complex function than any tissue alone?

a. Organ

b. System

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RS

IN

GT

B.CO

M

c. Cell

d. Endoplasmic reticulum

ANS: A

When several kinds of tissues are united to perform a more complex function than any tissue

alone, they are called organs.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 11 OBJ: 7

TOP: Organs KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

9. What traits describe visceral muscles?

a. Smooth and voluntary

b. Smooth and involuntary

c. Striated and voluntary

d. Striated and involuntary

ANS: B

Visceral (smooth) muscles will not function at will; thus, they act involuntarily.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 9 OBJ: 7

TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

10. How are the thoracic and abdominal cavities separated?

a. By the pleura

b. By the diaphragm

c. By the sagittal plane

d. By the peritoneum

ANS: B

The diaphragm (a muscle directly beneath the lungs) separates the ventral cavity into the

thoracic (chest) and abdominal cavities.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 2 OBJ: 3

TOP: Ventral cavity KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

11. What is the broad section of biology dealing with the description of human structure?

a. Hematology

b. Anatomy

c. Kinesiology

d. Physiology

ANS: B

Anatomy is the study, classification, and description of the structure and organs of the body.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 1 OBJ: 1

TOP: Terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

12. ____ explains the processes and functions of many structures of the body and how they

interact with one another.

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a. Anatomy

b. Mitosis

c. Filtration

d. Physiology

ANS: D

Physiology explains the processes and functions of the various structures and how they

interrelate with one another.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 1 OBJ: 1

TOP: Terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

13. The anatomic structure that is not in the thoracic cavity is/are the _____.

a. heart

b. lungs

c. blood vessels

d. transverse colon

ANS: D

The transverse colon is located in the abdominal cavity.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 3 OBJ: 5

TOP: Thoracic cavity KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

14. When several organs and parts are grouped together for certain functions, they form:

a. tissues.

b. systems.

c. cells.

d. membranes.

ANS: B

A system is an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged so that together

they can perform complex functions for the body.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 4 OBJ: 7

TOP: Systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

15. What are the distinct surface proteins of the plasma membrane essential in determining?

a. Tissue typing

b. Blood count

c. Effectiveness of a drug

d. Sexual maturity

ANS: A

The plasma membrane has distinct surface proteins as coming from one individual. This is the

basis for the procedure of tissue typing to determine compatibility before an organ transplant.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 5 OBJ: 12

TOP: Cells KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

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