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ATI proctor, Nutrition

Chapter 1:

Carbohydrate, protein and fat 3 main nutrients.

Carbs: 45-65% of daily calories

function: energy, regulate fat, cardiac and cns system, protein metabolism.

Glycogen: stored carb in the liver and muscle and it release between the meals to regulate the

Blood glucose level.

Carbs 4 calories per gram per energy

* Fiber intake 25gr women, for M 38gr per day

* Protein 10-35% daily calories, 0.8 gr per kg body weight, tissue building, immune

function, neutral nitrogen balance. Wound healing is important.

▪ Complete protein: all 9 amino acids, animal sources and soy

▪ Incomplete: 2 different one together is complete like rice plus beans.

▪ Protein 4 calories per gram per energy.

▪ Fat lipids: 20-35% of daily calories. Les that 10 sutured fat, ideally 7%

Function: store energy, padding insulation. Hormone, absorption of fat-soluble vitamin

▪ Cholesterol: 200-300 mg/day

▪ Fat provides 9 calories/energy

If you eat 5 gr of fat how many calories: 45 calories.

Vitamins:

Fat soluble: A, D, E, K they have risk for toxicity, don’t overdose, CF, celiac and crohns disease

Water soluble: Vitamin C and B complex thiamine, niacin, pardaxin, panthocacid, folic,

cobalamin: no risk for toxicity, you will pee it out.

Vitamin c: iron absorption, tissue building Citrus fruits, tomatoes, green veggie.

Deficiency in vitamin C: bleeding, swelling gums and joint pain, during pain and illness take

more, during smoking take more

B complex: CNS functioning, meats, milk, whole grains, legumes, green leafy veggies.

Pregnancy get folic acid.

Def B12: pernicious anemia.

Vitamin A: vision health, skeletal and soft tissue: orange and yellow fruits, fatty fish, dairy

products.

Deficiency: xeropthalmia and vision issue

Vitamin D: absorption of calcium and phosphorus. Sunlight, Milk, fatty fish and eggs.

Deficiency: bone loss

Vitamin E: serve as antioxidants: fat containing food, nuts, dark green veggies.

Deficiency very rare: muscle pain.

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Vitamin K: blood clotting and bone maintenance, dark green veggie, carrots deficiency: increase

bleeding time. Antidote for Warfarin

Electrolytes:

Sodium Na: 136-145 normal level.

function: fluid balance and nerve and muscle function. Food high in Na: salt and processed

food.

Hyper: hypervolemia and HTN

Hypo: confusion, muscle cramps, headache, fatigue, NV

Potassium K: 3.5-5 normal level.

Function: ICF, nerve function, muscle and heart contraction

FOOD HIGH IN K: bananas, potatoes, tomatoes, oranges, avocadoes, dark green veggies, dried

foods

Hyper: dysrhythmias, muscle weakness, NV, confusion

Hypo: dysrhythmias, muscle cramps and constipation

Chloride Cl: 98-106 is normal level

Function: Help with digestion, ICF and ECF. Find in salt

Hyper: NV

Hypo: muscle cramps, GI upset

Calcium CA: 9-10.5 is normal level

Function: bone, teeth formation, nerve and muscle function, BP

Food: dairy, dark green veggie, fruits

Hyper: constipation, decreased DTR, kidney stones, lethargy

Hypo: Positive Chvostek and Trousers’, muscle spasm and tingling

Magnesium Mg: 1.3-2.1

Function: Nerve, muscle function, bone formation, biochemical reactions

Foods: nuts, veggies, whole grain, milk

Hyper: NV/ hypotension, muscle weakness, lethargy. Respiratory and cardiac arrest

Hypo: increased DTR, dysthymias, seizure, tremors

Ph: Phosphorus 3-4.5 is normal level

Function: bone and teeth formation

Dairy and cheese, dark green veggies, fish and legumes

Inverse relationship with calcium, high Calcium low Ph

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