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Chapter 01: The Evolution of Professional Nursing

Cherry and Jacob: Contemporary Nursing: Issues, Trends, and Management, 8th

Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. What accomplishment is Clara Barton best known for?

a. Becoming the first black public health nurse

b. Establishing the Henry Street Settlement

c. Founding the American Red Cross

d. Publicizing the inadequacies of hospital-based nursing schools

ANS: C

The American Red Cross was founded by Clara Barton in 1882, to be of assistance in efforts

to provide supplies to the battlefields and hospitals. Barton also sets up a postwar service to

find missing soldiers.

DIF: Knowledge

2. Students are assigned to write to their state leaders about an issue affecting their community.

One student writes about the need among rural community for greater access to acute care

services. Which piece of legislation should the student use as a reference?

a. Social Security Act

b. Hill-Burton Act

c. Sheppard-Towner Act

d. U.S. Civil Service Act

ANS: B

The purpose of the Hill-Burton Act was to provide funding to construct hospitals and to help

states in plan for other health care facilities in accordance with the needs of communities.

DIF: Knowledge

3. The practice of public health nursing and the Henry Street Settlement are credited to

a. Mary Breckenridge.

b. Mary Seacole.

c. Clara Barton.

d. Lillian Wald.

ANS: D

Lillian Wald, a pioneer in public health nursing, is best known for the development and

establishment of the Henry Street Settlement.

DIF: Knowledge

4. Occupational health nursing features beliefs similar to those of which early nursing pioneer?

a. Lillian Wald

b. Florence Nightingale

c. Clara Barton

d. Mary Seacole

TEST BANK FOR CONTEMPORARY NURSING 8TH EDITION BY CHERRY

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ANS: A

Lillian Wald was a pioneer in public health nursing, and is best known for the development

and establishment of the first viable practice for public health nurses.

DIF: Comprehension

5. What historical event first led to the recognition of the contribution of blacks to nursing?

a. Florence Nightingale’s acceptance of black nurses into the first nursing school

b. The contributions of black nurses at the Pennsylvania Hospital, the first hospital in

America

c. Mary Williams and Frances Rose are listed as nurses in the City of Baltimore

Directory.

d. The work done by wives of wealthy black nobles who carried food and medicine

from house to house during the Middle Ages

ANS: C

1840—Two black women, Mary Williams and Frances Rose, who founded Nursing Sisters of

the Holy Cross, are listed as nurses in the City of Baltimore Directory.

DIF: Comprehension

6. World War I contributed to the advancement of health care by

a. increasing the number of private care hospitals and decreasing the role of public

health services.

b. employing a large number of civilians to provide care to returning soldiers through

the Red Cross.

c. introducing specialists in nursing such as nurse anesthetists.

d. increasing the number of community health nurses.

ANS: C

World War I offered nurses a chance to enter new fields of specialization, as is seen in the

example of nurse anesthetists, who became part of surgical teams at the front lines.

DIF: Comprehension

7. What was an original purpose of the Social Security Act of 1935?

a. Increase research that focused on minority groups

b. Provide medical care for chemically impaired persons

c. Ensure health care for older adults through a national insurance system

d. Decrease the public’s financial burden by limiting services offered by local health

departments

ANS: C

By providing health insurance for older adults, the Social Security Act of 1935 set the

precedent for the passage of the Medicare and Medicaid Acts that followed in 1965, but the

act also provided maternal and child welfare services, rehabilitation for the mentally and

physically challenged, medical care for blind individuals and crippled children, and

unemployment benefits.

DIF: Comprehension

TEST BANK FOR CONTEMPORARY NURSING 8TH EDITION BY CHERRY

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8. A client asks the nurse, “Can you explain the amendment to the Social Security Act called

Title XVIII to me?” The nurse demonstrates an understanding of this legislation when

providing what response?

a. It led to many hospital closings, along with a decrease in acute care hospital–based

nursing care.

b. It provided medical insurance to those younger adults or children who were not

eligible for private insurance because of catastrophic illnesses such as cancer.

c. It provided preventive care for women, infants, and children.

d. It ensured that individuals with end-stage renal disease had health care insurance.

ANS: D

The Medicare program provides hospital insurance, Part A, and medical insurance, Part B, to

all people aged 65 and older who are eligible to receive Social Security benefits; people with

total, permanent disabilities; and people with end-stage renal disease.

DIF: Comprehension

9. A comparison of nursing in the 1980s to nursing in the 1990s reveals what factor that

contributes to health care as we know it today?

a. In the 1990s nursing experienced a significant reduction occurred in preventable

diseases caused by unsafe/unhealthy lifestyles.

b. Tuberculosis was the primary concern for nursing in the 1980s, whereas the AIDS

epidemic emerged and was its focus during the 1990s.

c. A decrease in ambulatory services in the 1980s prompted an increase in public

health nurses in the 1990s.

d. The demand for advanced practice nurses increased in the 1980s and the 1990s

because of the economy and concern about the health of the nation.

ANS: D

The numbers of advanced nurse practitioners increased as evidence of their cost-effectiveness

as providers of primary and preventive health care became established.

DIF: Comprehension

10. Which statement accurately describes the historical perspective of nursing practice?

a. Nursing has existed to meet the needs of populations, individuals, and aggregates

by providing care that is determined by the needs and beliefs of society in different

historical contexts.

b. As men began to become interested in nursing, it changed into a respected

profession based on scientific fact rather than superstition.

c. Nursing has historically accepted individuals from all social and ethnic

backgrounds.

d. The United States has led the way throughout history to advance nursing and

health care by providing the first hospital and medical school.

ANS: A

Nursing has existed since biblical times to address needs ranging from contagious diseases in

early times to health prevention in the present time, with care based on health needs and

beliefs of the time.

DIF: Comprehension

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11. The use of herbs, which has become a popular alternative to prescription drugs in today’s

health care milieu, had roots originating when?

a. Prehistoric times and the Middle Ages

b. Civil War period and World War I

c. Renaissance and Reformation periods and the Colonial American period

d. Crimean War and Civil War periods

ANS: A

During prehistoric times, tribes used herbs to rid themselves of disease; in the Middle Ages,

women used herbs. This practice has continued to today.

DIF: Comprehension

12. A care provider sacrifices an animal and waves an herb-filled sack over a client who is

complaining of painful joints and chest pain with exertion. This ritual represents health care

during what time period?

a. The prehistoric period

b. Early civilization in Egypt

c. The European Renaissance

d. The Middle Ages in Asia and Africa

ANS: A

During prehistoric times, illness was thought to be caused by evil spirits that providers

attempted to scare away through rituals and dances.

DIF: Comprehension

13. A prospective nursing student who researches universities that offer a baccalaureate degree in

nursing would want to ensure that the program is accredited by what agency?

a. American Nurses Association

b. Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education

c. National Institutes of Health

d. National Nursing Council

ANS: B

The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) is the agency that exclusively

accredits baccalaureate and graduate-degree nursing programs.

DIF: Comprehension

14. Nursing in the 1990s was characterized by what health care focus?

a. Men leaving nursing to enter the armed services

b. Traditional 8-hour shifts to nurse burnout and compassion fatigue

c. Identifying health promotion associated with preventable diseases

d. Managing runaway health care costs

ANS: C

Health promotion and disease prevention were recognized as the means to reduce the high

number of mortalities associated with preventable diseases—Healthy People 2000 was

published as a nationwide effort to reduce preventable deaths.

TEST BANK FOR CONTEMPORARY NURSING 8TH EDITION BY CHERRY

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