Health Promotion

Throughout the Life Span, 8th

Edition

Chapter 01: Health Defined: Objectives for Promotion and Prevention Edelman: Health Promotion

Throughout the Life Span, 8th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which model of health is most likely used by a person who does not believe in preventive health care?

a. Clinical model

b. Role performance model

c. Adaptive model

d. Eudaimonistic model

ANS: A

The clinical model of health views the absence of signs and symptoms of disease as indicative of health. People

who use this model wait until they are very sick to seek care.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 3

2. A person with chronic back pain is cared for by her primary care provider as well as receives

acupuncture. Which model of health does this person likely favor? a. Clinical model

b. Role performance model

c. Adaptive model

d. Eudaimonistic model

ANS: D

The eudaimonistic model embodies the interaction and interrelationships among physical, social, psychological,

and spiritual aspects of life and the environment in goal attainment and creating meaning in life. Practitioners

who practice the clinical model may not be enough for someone who believes in the eudaimonistic model.

Those who believe in the eudaimonistic model often look for alternative providers of care.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 3

3. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s potential

and is experienced within a developmental context is known as: a. growth and

development.

b. health.

c. functioning.

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d. high-level wellness.

ANS: B

Health is defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s

potential and is experienced within a developmental context.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 5

4. Which of the following best describes a client who has an illness?

a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes

b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia

c. Someone with a headache

d. Someone with coronary artery disease without

angina ANS: C

Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the subjective

experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be described as a response

characterized by a mismatch between a person’s needs and the resources available to meet those needs. A

person can have a disease without feeling ill. The other choices represent disease.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 6

5. Which US report is considered a landmark document in creating a global approach to health?

a. The 1990 Health Objectives for the Nation: A Midcourse Review

b. Healthy People 2020

c. Healthy People 2000

d. The U.S. Surgeon General Report

ANS: C

Healthy People 2000 and its Midcourse Review and 1995 Revisions were landmark documents in which a

consortium of people representing national organizations worked with US Public Health Service officials to

create a more global approach to health.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 6

6. Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?

a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles

b. Blood pressure screening

c. Interventional cardiac catheterization

d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization

ANS: A

Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specific protection and

encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fits this definition. Blood pressure

screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies it.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 11

7. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?

a. Self–breast examination education

b. Yearly mammograms

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c. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer

d. Complete mastectomy for breast cancer

ANS: B

Screening is secondary prevention because the principal goal of screenings is to identify individuals in an early,

detectable stage of the disease process. A mammogram is a screening tool for breast cancer and thus is

considered a method of secondary prevention.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15

8. Which of the following represents a method of tertiary prevention?

a. Drunk driving campaign

b. Road blocks for drunk driving

c. Emergency surgery for head trauma after a motor vehicle accident

d. Physical and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with head

trauma ANS: D

Physical therapy and occupational therapy are considered tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention occurs when

a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effect of disease and disability.

The objective of tertiary prevention is to maximize remaining capacities.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15

9. In reviewing a person’s medical claims, a nurse realizes that the individual with moderate persistent asthma

has had several emergency department visits and is not on inhaled steroids as recommended by the NHLBI

asthma management guidelines. The nurse discusses this with the person’s primary care provider. In this

scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n):

a. advocate.

b. care manager.

c. consultant.

d. educator.

ANS: B

Care managers act to prevent duplication of service and reduce cost. Care managers base recommendation

on reliable data sources such as evidence-based practices and protocols.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15

10. During a home visit, a nurse assists an individual to complete an application for disability services. The nurse is

acting as a(n):

a. advocate.

b. care manager.

c. consultant.

d. educator.

ANS: A

The advocacy role of the nurse helps individuals obtain what they are entitled to receive from the health care

system, tries to make the system more responsive to individuals’ community needs, and assists individuals in

developing skills to advocate for themselves.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15

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11. During a home visit, a nurse discusses the dangers of smoking with an individual. In this scenario the nurse is

acting as a(n):

a. advocate.

b. care manager.

c. consultant.

d. educator.

ANS: D

Health education is a primary prevention technique available to avoid major causes of disease. Teaching can

range from a chance remark to a planned lesson.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 16

12. A nurse is asked to provide an expert opinion about the development of an education program for newly

diagnosed diabetics. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n): a. advocate.

b. care manager.

c. consultant.

d. educator.

ANS: C

Nurses with a specialized area of expertise provide education about health promotion and disease prevention

to individuals and groups as consultants.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 16

13. A nurse is planning to deliver an educational program to individuals with diabetes. Which of the following

should be the initial action taken by the nurse to ensure the success of the program? a. Assess the

motivation level of the individuals

b. Assess the knowledge level of the individuals

c. Establish teacher-learner goals with the individuals

d. Establish multiple teaching sessions with the individuals

ANS: B

Selection of the methods most likely to succeed involves the establishment of teacher-learner goals. Thus, the

first step by the nurse should be establishment of goals.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 16

14. The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of

individuals is known as:

a. health-related quality of life.

b. evidence-based practice.

c. a Healthy People 2010 goal.

d. the ecological model of health.

ANS: B

Evidence-based practice is defined as the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in

making decisions about the care of individuals.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 16

15. Which research methodology should be used to address the question, “What is the difference in the infection

rates between individuals who receive twice-a-day dressing changes versus once-a-day dressing changes?”

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