NR-224 Fundamentals

Exam 1

1. who is ultimately responsible for the patient, even when delegation is involved?

- Nurse (RN)

2. what are a nurse’s responsibilities involving delegation?

- Needing to apply critical thinking to

appropriately delegate the care, give clear instructions.

3. What is most important technique to use in preventing and controlling

transmission of infection?

- Hand washing

4. 6 Components in the Chain of Infection

- A reservoir or source for pathogen growth

- A port of exit from the reservoir

- A mode of transmission

- A port of entry to a host

- A susceptible host

5. List and describe the different body defense mechanisms

- The body has natural defenses that protect against infection. Normal floras,

body system defenses, and inflammation are all nonspecific defenses that

protect against microorganisms regardless of prior exposure. If any of

these body defenses fail, an infection usually occurs and leads to a serious

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health problem. The skin, respiratory tract, and GI tract are easily

accessible to microorganisms

6. Describe examples of patients at high risk for infection

- An age-related functional deterioration in immune system function, termed

immune senescence, increases the susceptibility of the body to infection

and slows overall immune response

7. What lab result signifies infection when it is elevated?

- White blood cell (WBC) count 5000-10,000/mm3 Increased in acute

infection, decreased in certain

viral or overwhelming infections

8. Having an impaired immune system

- immunocompromised

9. The ability to produce disease

- Virulence

10. Internal transmission such as a parasitic condition in a host such as a mosquito,

louse, flea, or ticks

- Vector

11. Requires oxygen for survival and for multiplication sufficient to cause

disease.

- Aerobic bacteria

12. Thrives where little to no oxygen is available

- Anaerobic bacteria

13. Prevention of growth and the reproduction of bacteria.

- bacteria stasis

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14. Destructive to bacteria

- bactericidal

15. What are the stages of infection?

- incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, convalescence

16. critical thinking

- the ability to think in a systematic and logical manner with openness to

question and reflect on the reasoning process

17. characteristics of critical thinking

- open-mindedness

- continual inquiry

- perseverance

- willingness to look at each unique patient situation and determine which

identified assumptions are true and relevant

18. clinical decision making

- Requires careful reasoning (i.e., choosing the options for the best patient

outcomes on the basis of a patient's condition and the priority of the

problem).

- Skilled clinical decision making occurs through knowing the patient.

- It has two components: a nurse's understanding of a specific patient and

his or her subsequent selection of interventions.

19. critical thinking model

- Combines a nurse's knowledge base, experience, competence in the

nursing process, attitudes, and standards to explain how nurses make

clinical judgments that are necessary for safe, effective nursing care.

20. Basic level

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