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1. In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the:

A) cell envelope.

B) cell membrane.

C) nucleoid.

D) nucleus.

E) ribosomes.

2. A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the

development of:

A) DNA.

B) photosynthetic capability.

C) plasma membranes.

D) ribosomes.

E) the nucleus.

3. In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the:

A) cell membrane.

B) nuclear envelope.

C) nucleolus.

D) nucleoplasm.

E) nucleosome.

4. The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of

biomolecules necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of

solutes such as oxygen. Except for highly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and

diameters in the range of:

A) 0.1 m to 10 m.

B) 0.3 m to 30 m.

C) 0.3 m to 100 m.

D) 1 m to 100 m.

E) 1 m to 300 m.

5. Which group of single-celled microorganisms has many members found growing in

extreme environments?

A) bacteria

B) archaea

C) eukaryotes

D) heterotrophs

E) None of the answers is correct.

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6. The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energyóit is

therefore a:

A) chemoautotroph.

B) chemoheterotroph.

C) lithotroph.

D) photoautotroph.

E) photoheterotroph.

7. Which is a list of organelles?

A) mitochondria, chromatin, endoplasmic reticulum

B) peroxisomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane

C) proteasomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes

D) mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes

E) All of the answers are correct.

8. Which list has the cellular components arranged in order of INCREASING size?

A) amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome

B) amino acid < protein < ribosome < mitochondrion

C) amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion

D) protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome

E) protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid

9. The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily

through noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is NOT considered a

noncovalent interaction?

A) carbon-carbon bonds

B) hydrogen bonds

C) hydrophobic interactions

D) ionic interactions

E) van der Waals interactions

10. Which element is NOT among the four most abundant in living organisms?

A) carbon

B) hydrogen

C) nitrogen

D) oxygen

E) phosphorus

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11. The four covalent bonds in methane (CH4) are arranged around carbon to give which

geometry?

A) linear

B) tetrahedral

C) trigonal bipyramidal

D) trigonal planar

E) trigonal pyramidal

12. What functional groups are present on this molecule?

A) ether and aldehyde

B) hydroxyl and aldehyde

C) hydroxyl and carboxylic acid

D) hydroxyl and ester

E) hydroxyl and ketone

13. The macromolecules that serve in the storage and transmission of genetic information

are:

A) carbohydrates.

B) lipids.

C) membranes.

D) nucleic acids.

E) proteins.

14. Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are known as:

A) anomers.

B) cis-trans isomers.

C) diastereoisomers.

D) enantiomers.

E) geometric isomers.

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