BIOS-252 Anatomy & Physiology II with Lab

Final Exam Review – Biology 252

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

- Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth

What are characteristics of skeletal muscle?

- Striated, voluntary, multinucleated, somatic nervous system control

What are characteristics of smooth muscle?

- Non-striated, involuntary, uninucleated, autonomic nervous control

What are characteristics of cardiac muscle?

- Striated, branching, uninucleated, involuntary, autonomic nervous control,

intercalated discs (gap junctions)

What is the thick filament?

- Myosin

What is the thin filament?

- Actin

What are mediating proteins of muscle tissue?

- Troponin and Tropomyosin

What does Calcium bind to?

- Troponin

Where does Calcium come from?

- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

When Calcium binds to Troponin, what happens?

- There is a confirmational change wherein Troponin moves Tropomyosin away so that

Myosin can bind to Actin

What are characteristics of all muscles?

- Electrical excitability, extensibility, elasticity, contractility

What are the three meninges from outer to inner, including spaces?

- Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Subarachnoid Space (where CSF is found), Pia Mater

(directly attached to spinal cord and brain)

What is the filum terminale?

- An extension of the Pia Mater which attaches the spinal cord to coccygeal segment

What is an isometric contraction?

- Length of muscle does not change, but tension does

What is an isotonic contraction?

- Length of muscle changes, but tension does not