TEST BANK FOR CLINICAL

NURSING SKILLS AND

TECHNIQUES9TH EDITION

BY PERRY

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Chapter 01: Using Evidence in Practice

Perry et al.: Clinical Nursing Skills & Techniques, 9th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Evidence-based practice is a problem-solving approach to making decisions about patientcare

that is grounded in:

the latest information found in textbooks.

systematically conducted research studies.

tradition in clinical practice.

quality improvement and risk-management data.

ANS: B

The best evidence comes from well-designed, systematically conducted research studies

described in scientific journals. Portions of a textbook often become outdated by the time it is

published. Many health care settings do not have a process to help staff adopt new evidence in

practice, and nurses in practice settings lack easy access to risk-management data, relying

instead on tradition or convenience. Some sources of evidence do not originatefrom research.

These include quality improvement and risk-management data; infection control data;

retrospective or concurrent chart reviews; and clinicians‘ expertise. Although non–researchbased evidence is often very valuable, it is important that you learn to rely more on researchbased evidence.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text reference: p. 2OBJ: Discuss

the benefits of evidence-based practice.

TOP: Evidence-Based Practice KEY: Nursing Process Step: AssessmentMSC:

NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)

When evidence-based practice is used, patient care will be:

standardized for all.

unhampered by patient culture.

variable according to the situation.

safe from the hazards of critical thinking.

ANS: C

Using your clinical expertise and considering patients‘ cultures, values, and preferences

ensures that you will apply available evidence in practice ethically and appropriately. Even

when you use the best evidence available, application and outcomes will differ; as a nurse,you

will develop critical thinking skills to determine whether evidence is relevant and appropriate.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text reference: p. 2OBJ: Discuss the

benefits of evidence-based practice.

TOP: Evidence-Based Practice KEY: Nursing Process Step: AssessmentMSC:

NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)

When a PICOT question is developed, the letter that corresponds with the usual standard of

care is:

P.

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I.

C.

O.

ANS: C

C = Comparison of interest. What standard of care or current intervention do you usuallyuse

now in practice?

P = Patient population of interest. Identify your patient by age, gender, ethnicity, disease, or

health problem.

I = Intervention of interest. What intervention (e.g., treatment, diagnostic test, andprognostic

factor) do you think is worthwhile to use in practice?

O = Outcome. What result (e.g., change in patient‘s behavior, physical finding, and changein

patient‘s perception) do you wish to achieve or observe as the result of an intervention?

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text reference: p. 3OBJ: Develop a

PICO question. TOP: PICO

KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation

MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)

A well-developed PICOT question helps the nurse:

search for evidence.

include all five elements of the sequence.

find as many articles as possible in a literature search.

accept standard clinical routines.

ANS: A

The more focused a question that you ask is, the easier it is to search for evidence in the

scientific literature. A well-designed PICOT question does not have to include all five

elements, nor does it have to follow the PICOT sequence. Do not be satisfied with clinical

routines. Always question and use critical thinking to consider better ways to provide patient

care.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Text reference: p. 3OBJ: Describe the six

steps of evidence-based practice.

TOP: Evidence-Based Practice KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC:

NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)

The nurse is not sure that the procedure the patient requires is the best possible for the

situation. Utilizing which of the following resources would be the quickest way to review

research on the topic?

CINAHL

PubMed

MEDLINE

The Cochrane DatabaseANS: D

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The Cochrane Community Database of Systematic Reviews is a valuable source of

synthesized evidence (i.e., pre-appraised evidence). The Cochrane Database includes the full

text of regularly updated systematic reviews and protocols for reviews currently happening.

MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PubMed are among the most comprehensive databases and

represent the scientific knowledge base of health care.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Synthesis REF: Text reference: p. 4OBJ: Describe the six

steps of evidence-based practice.

TOP: Evidence-Based Practice KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC:

NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)

The nurse is getting ready to develop a plan of care for a patient who has a specific need.The

best source for developing this plan of care would probably be:

The Cochrane Database.

MEDLINE.

NGC.

CINAHL.

ANS: C

The National Guidelines Clearinghouse (NGC) is a database supported by the Agency for

Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). It contains clinical guidelines—systematically

developed statements about a plan of care for a specific set of clinical circumstances involving

a specific patient population. The NGC is a valuable source when you want to develop a plan

of care for a patient. The Cochrane Community Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE,

and CINAHL are all valuable sources of synthesized evidence (i.e.,pre-appraised evidence).

DIF: Cognitive Level: Synthesis REF: Text reference: p. 4OBJ: Describe the six

steps of evidence-based practice.

TOP: Evidence-Based Practice KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC:

NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)

The nurse has done a literature search and found 25 possible articles on the topic that she is

studying. To determine which of those 25 best fit her inquiry, the nurse first should look at:

the abstracts.

the literature reviews.

the ―Methods‖ sections.

the narrative sections.

ANS: A

An abstract is a brief summary of an article that quickly tells you whether the article is

research based or clinically based. An abstract summarizes the purpose of the study or clinical

query, the major themes or findings, and the implications for nursing practice. Theliterature

review usually gives you a good idea of how past research led to the researcher‘squestion. The

―Methods‖ or ―Design‖ section explains how a research study is organized and conducted to

answer the research question or to test the hypothesis. The narrative of amanuscript differs

according to the type of evidence-based article—clinical or research.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text reference: p. 7 OBJ: Discuss

elements to review when critiquing the scientific literature.

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