Chapter 1: Cellular Biology

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?

a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.

b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.

ANS: C

In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their

surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular

metabolic absorption.

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2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:

a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus

b. Ribosome d. Lysosome

ANS: C

The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most

of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its

activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.

PTS: 1 REF: Page 2

3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove

hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?

a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes

b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes

ANS: B

Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove

hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is

a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.

Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus

and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore

complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and

contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins,

lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.

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4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell

injury?

a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes

ANS: D