ATI Nutrition Review

ATI Nutrition Review – Rasmussen University {Prof. Fitzgerald}

Nutritional Principles

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● Macronutrients: carbs, fat, proteins- need all 3!

○ If a patient cannot eliminate them, they must know to limit the

amount, but not completely cut them out.

● Saturated fatty acids are solid at room-temperature

○ Found in animal sources

○ Increased levels may be associated with CAD

● Complete proteins are from animal sources and soy and have all 9

essential amino acids

● Water soluble: Vitamins B and C

● Fat soluble: A D E K

○ Need fat to absorb them, the more the better.

● BMR is affected by lean body mass and hormone and body surface area

age sex also contribute to the BMR

● BMI: weight/height^2. kg/m^2 or lbs/in^2 x 703

○ Categories:

■ 18.5 or lower= underweight

■ 18.5-24.9= healthy

■ 25-29.9= overweight

■ 30 or greater= obese

● Increased BMR: pregnancy, lean muscles, hyperthyroid, rapid growth,

fever, burns- will need for more calories to burn off faster

● Decreased BMR: starvation, hypothyroid, opioid use- less calories needed 

Food Selection

● Vitamin A: fatty fish, egg yolk, butter, cream, yellow and orange fruits

and veggies will help with night blindness

● Fiber: plants- high fiber is needed for constipation!

● Potassium: oranges, dried fruits, tomatoes, avocado, peas, meats,

broccoli, bananas, dairy, whole grains, potatoes.

○ May be used with diuretics except for K sparing, then we will

decrease potassium

○ Not used with ACE inhibitors due to potential for hyperkalemia

○ No pee, No K! Cannot use with those with AKI as they body retains

more causing arrhythmias

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○ Salt substitutes are high in potassium

● Folate: liver, dark green leafy vegetables, collard greens, OJ, legumes.

○ Prevents neural tube defects= good for pregnancy

● B12: meat, shellfish, eggs, dairy - animals only

○ Vegans may be deficient and need replacement

● Calcium: dairy, kale, fortified grains

○ Needed in older adults to prevent osteoporosis

● Iron: red meat, fish, green leafy vegetables, enriched bread pasta, dried

fruit, egg yolk.

○ Needed in pregnancy and when patients have low H/H

○ If taking supplements:

■ Drink with straw

■ Rinse mouth out after

■ Drink vitamin C to help absorption

■ Avoid calcium use as it impairs absorption

■ Teach patient about stools turning black

● Vitamin C: citrus

○ Needed for immunity

● Cannot find food= may need it to be enriched.

● Client should read labels and make lists when shopping

● Best way to get nutrients is in the well-balanced diet, supplements are

not the best 

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