Chapter 1 - Cellular Biology 3

Chapter 2 - Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology Environmental Agents 16

Chapter 3 - The Cellular Environment Fluids and Electrolytes Acids and

Bases 28

Chapter 4 - Genes and Genetic Diseases 41

Chapter 5 - Genes Environment-Lifestyle and Common Diseases 51

Chapter 6 - Epigenetics and Disease 59

Chapter 7 - Innate Immunity Inflammation 64

Chapter 8 - Adaptive Immunity 78

Chapter 9 - Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation 89

Chapter 10 - Infection 102

Chapter 11 - Stress and Disease 110

Chapter 12 - Cancer Biology 117

Chapter 13 - Cancer Epidemiology 129

Chapter 14 - Cancer in Children 135

Chapter 15 - Structure and Function of the Neurologic System 140

Chapter 16 - Pain Temperature Regulation Sleep and Sensory Function 151

Chapter 17 - Alterations in Cognitive Systems Cerebral Hemodynamics and

Motor Function 165

Chapter 18 - Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and

the Neuromuscular Junction 179

Chapter 19 - Neurobiology of Schizophrenia Mood Disorders and Anxiety

Disorders 189

Chapter 20 - Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children 195

Chapter 21 - Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation 202

Chapter 22 - Alterations of Hormonal Regulation 211

Chapter 23 - Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition NEW 223

Chapter 24 - Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems 228

Chapter 25 - Alterations of the Female Reproductive System 237

Chapter 26 - Alterations of the Male Reproductive System 246

Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 8th Edition 97803235834 1 / 4

Chapter 27 - Sexually Transmitted Infections 252

Chapter 28 - Structure and Function of the Hematologic System 260

Chapter 29 - Alterations of Erythrocyte Platelet and Hemostatic Function 270

Chapter 30 - Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function 280

Chapter 31 - Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children 287

Chapter 32 - Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic

Systems 297

Chapter 33 - Alterations of Cardiovascular Function 309

Chapter 34 - Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children 323

Chapter 35 - Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System 331

Chapter 36 - Alterations of Pulmonary Function 341

Chapter 37 - Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children 357

Chapter 38 - Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems 365

Chapter 39 - Alterations of Renal and Urinary Function 375

Chapter 40 - Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children 385

Chapter 41 - Structure and Function of the Digestive System 393

Chapter 42 - Alterations of Digestive Function 404

Chapter 43 - Alterations of Digestive Function in Children 415

Chapter 44 - Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System 424

Chapter 45 - Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function 436

Chapter 46 - Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children 448

Chapter 47 - Structure Function and Disorders of the Integument 457

Chapter 48 - Alterations of the Integument in Children 468

Chapter 49 - Shock Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome and Burns in

Adults 476

Chapter 50 - Shock Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome and Burns in

Children 483

Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 8th Edition 97803235834 2 / 4

Chapter 01: Cellular Biology

McCance/Huether: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis of Disease in Adults and

Children, 8th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?

a. Cells can produce proteins.

b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.

c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.

d. Cells can synthesize fats.

ANS: C

In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their

surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular

metabolic absorption.

PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

 2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?

a. Mitochondria

b. Ribosome

c. Nucleolus

d. Lysosome

ANS: C

The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most

of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its

activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.

Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes

function as the intracellular digestive system.

PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

 3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove

hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?

a. Lysosomes

b. Peroxisomes

c. Ribosomes

d. Endosome

ANS: B

Chapter 1 - Cellular Biology 3

Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 8th Edition 97803235834 3 / 4

Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove

hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is

a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.

Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus

and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore

complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and

contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins,

lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off

from the cellular membrane.

PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

 4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell

injury?

a. Ribosome

b. Golgi complex

c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

d. Lysosomes

ANS: D

The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes

within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.

Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the

lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular

self-digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein

synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often

located near the cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid

hormone production and removing toxic substances from the cell.

PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

 5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?

a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction

b. Secretion of cortisol

c. Increased retention of water

d. Breakdown of fat

ANS: C

Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes

increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH.

Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.

PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

 6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?

a. G1

b. S

c. G2

d. M

ANS: B

Chapter 1 - Cellular Biology 4

Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 8th Edition 97803235834

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