NUR 2407 Pharmacology

Pharmacology Exam 1 Q & A Study Set

What to avoid when taking cyclobenzaprine (Flexeral)

-driving

-alcohol

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Pt taking an MAOI and eating blue cheese, red wine with dinner? What should you tell

them they are at risk for?

- Hypertensive crisis

Pt is taking Lithium; you should advise them to avoid what other drugs

-ibuprofen

-ACE inhibitor

-HCTZ

Serotonin Syndrome S/S

-agitation

-confusion

-rigidity

-fever

Extrapyramidal effects are most common with which class of antidepressants?

- tricyclics 

What to keep in mind with Lithium?

-it has a narrow therapeutic range

-do not crush

-check serum levels

-take same time everyday

The half-life of Naloxone is shorter than the half-life of most opioids meaning what?

- may need to have a second dose of naloxone

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Buprenorphrine/Naloxone (Suboxone):

-combination opioid and opioid antagonist

-Used to help pts taper off heroin or other opioid drugs when addicted.

-If the pills are crushed for snorting or injecting, the naloxone capsules break open

and cancel out the opioid effects at the receptor sites.

Migraines:

-caused by inflammation and dilation of the blood vessels in the cranium.

Drugs: beta blockes, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, triptans, NSAIDS/naproxen

TRIPTANS: Sumatriptan (lmitrex)

- rescue drug for migraine attack; causes vasoconstriction of cranial arteries

Mood Stabilizers:

- Lithium: used to curb mania; narrow therapeutic range! Blood levels must be

monitored closely, Avoid Ace inhibitors, HCTZ; Avoid NSAIDS.

Bipolar disorder treatment

- Mood stabilizers

antidepressants

anticonvulsants 

Bipolar Affective Disorder:

- A brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels,

and the ability to carry out daily tasks.

Serotonin Syndrome:

- occurs when you take medication that cause high levels of the chemical

serotonin to accumulate in your body

GABA- when reduced can lead to...

- anxiety

Serotonin does what?

- Regulates sleep

wakefulness

mood

delusions

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Dopamine does what?

- involved in the regulation of cognition

emotional responses

motivation

Norepinephrine does what?

-associated with control of arousal

-attention, vigilance

-mood

-affect and anxiety

Neuroleptics:

- refers to any drug that modifies psychotic behavior & exerts an antipsychotic

effect 

Anxiolytics- AKA

- "Antianxiety", "Sedatives/hypnotics"

Psychosis:

- losing contact with reality; commonly seen in schizophrenia. Includes

difficulty processing information and coming to a conclusion, delusions,

illusions, hallucinations, incoherence, aggressive behavior or catatonia

Schizophrenia:

Positive symptoms:

Negative symptoms:

-Positive symptoms: Exaggeration of Normal function, agitation, incoherent speech,

hallucinations, delusions, paranoia

-Negative symptoms: Loss of Function & Motivation, poverty of speech content, poor

self-care, social withdrawal

Antipsychotics:

Typical (Traditional):

Atypical:

-Typical (Traditional): work best on negative symptoms; side effects: EPS

"Extrapyramidal symptoms of parkinsonism" & NMS "Neuroleptic Malignant

Syndrome"

-Atypical: Work on both negative & positive symptoms; fewer side effects

Typical Antipsychotic:

- Haloperidol (Haldol): contraindicated in Parkinson’s Disease due to

anticholinergic effects

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine): also treats chronic hiccups & is used as an

antimetic 

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