NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology

Final Exam Study Set

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Complete block of the Coronary Artery

- Leads to MI. There will be Necrosis (death) of the tissue of MI.

Requires emergency treatment

Partial block of the Coronary Artery is?

- Angina

Complication of Uncontrolled Hypertension

- Damage to the heart and Kidney

Hypertension Risk Factors

- *Non-Modifiable: Family history, age, gender, ethnicity [African American;

male]

*Modifiable: Obesity, substance abuse, stress, diet, and sedentary lifestyle

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-Tobacco damages the lining of the artery walls, prone to plaque

accumulation.

-Nicotine constricts the blood vessels, elevate HR and BP.

Stable angina

- Chest pain that occurs when a person is active or under severe stress. Patient

takes rest and chest pain goes away 

Unstable angina

- Pain all the time.

Chest pain at rest or without rest. Chest pain of increasing frequency

Anaphylactic shock symptoms

- • Narrowing of the Bronchiole

• Dilation of the Peripheral BP

• Increase Capillary Permeability

Signs of Hypotension

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- Dizziness, low BP, low urine Output, and Dehydration

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

- A condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and

the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium; most often caused

by atherosclerosis

Insufficient delivery of oxygen to meet Heart's demand

- Coronary Artery Disease

Characteristics of Pain with MI

- Pain is Persistent and radiate to next, jaw, and arm

Virchow's triad

- Venous Blood Statis, Damage to the Venous wall, and Increase blood

coagulation (hypercoagulation)

Dialysis

- A procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose

kidneys no longer function 

Scoliosis

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- Lateral curvature of the spine

Lordosis

- Abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)

Kyphosis

- Excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.

What happens in Atherosclerotic Plaques?

- Cholesterol plaque form injury to the coronary endothelium

First assessment for Chest pain

- EKG monitoring

What is homeostasis?

- Maintaining equilibrium or a stable internal environment

What is hemostasis?

- Stoppage of bleeding

The first step in hemostasis is:

- Vessel spasm

What is sickle cell crisis?

- Chronic pain, Hypoxia, dehydration

Treatment: Oxygen, pain medicine, and fluid 

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