Multidimensional Care 1

Exam 1

1. Metastasis: tumor breaks off and migrates lymph nodes and blood vessels

2. What advice would you have for a patient who has a family history of cancer?

a. Do diagnostic testing

b. Early screening

c. Genetic testing

d. Primary preventions

e. Education ofsigns and symptoms

3. Primary Cancer Prevention

a. Use ofstrategies to prevent the actual occurrence of cancer. Thistype of cancer

prevention is most effective when there is a known cause for a cancer type

i. Avoidance of known or potential carcinogens

ii. Modifying associated factors

iii. Removal of “at-risk” tissues

iv. Chemoprevention

v. Vaccination

4. Secondary Cancer Prevention

a. Use ofscreening strategiesto detect cancer early, at a time when cure or control

is more likely.

b. Regularscreening for cancer does not reduce cancer incidence but can greatly

reduce some types of cancer deaths

c. Mammograms, colonoscopy, FOBT

5. What are the steps in cancer cell development?

a. Initiation: normal cells can become cancer cells if they lose cellular regulation by

having their genes promoting cell division (oncogenes) turn on excessively.

b. Promotion: the enhanced growth of an initiated cell by substances known as

promoters. Once a normal cell has been initiated by a carcinogen and is a cancer

cell, it can become a tumor if its growth is enhanced.

c. Progression: isthe continued change of a cancer, making it more malignant over

time

d. Metastasis: occurs when cancer cells move from the primary location by

breaking off from the original group and establishing remote colonies

6. Whatsources affect cancer cell growth? (smoking cessation- all types of cancer)

a. Hormones, age, environmental factors, family history, genetics,

immunocompromised individuals.

7. Radiation purpose/goals

a. Destruction of cancer cells with minimal damaging effects ofsurrounding normal

cells; maintain safe environment

b. Local treatment, ionizing radiation