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Chapter 01: Health and Wellness in an Aging Society

Touhy: Ebersole & Hess' Toward Healthy Aging, 9th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. When asked by new parents what the life expectancy is for their African American newborn,

the nurse replies that, “2010 statistics indicate that your son:

a. will have a life expectancy of approximately 65 years.”

b. can realistically expect to live into his late 80s.”

c. has a good chance of celebrating his 75th birthday.”

d. is likely to live into his late 90s.”

ANS: C

In 2010, men in the United States at age 60 can expect to live another 22 years. The life

expectancy of African American men is about 4.7 years less than white men. Of the options

above, C is the only response that fits into those parameters. The other options are not

supported by reliable research.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 3

TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

2. A nurse is planning care for a group of super-centenarians in an assisted living facility. The

nurse considers which of the following?

a. Most super-centenarians are functionally independent or require minimal

assistance with activities of daily living

b. The majority of super-centenarians have cognitive impairment

c. The number of super-centenarians is expected to decrease in coming years as a

result of heart disease and stroke

d. It is theorized that super-centenarians survived as long as they have due to genetic

mutations that made them less susceptible to common diseases

ANS: A

Research supports that most super-centenarians are functionally and cognitively intact,

requiring minimal assistance with ADLs. The number of super-centenarians is expected to

increase in coming years as the number of older adults increases. The reason why individuals

survived as long as they have is not known.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 4

TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

3. One reason why many “baby boomers” have multiple chronic conditions such as heart disease,

diabetes, and arthritis is that:

a. they have less access to medication and other treatment regimens.

b. there was a lack of importance placed on healthy living as they were growing up.

c. they did not have access to immunizations against communicable disease when

they were children.

d. they grew up in an era of rampant poverty and malnutrition.

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ANS: B

The baby boomers, individuals born between 1946 and 1964, post-WWII, have better access

to medication and treatment regimens than other cohorts. They have had the benefit of the

development of immunizations against communicable diseases. They grew up in an era of

prosperity post-WWII. However, there was a lack of importance placed on what we now

consider healthy living when they were younger. Smoking, for example, was not condoned,

but was considered a symbol of status. Candy in the shape of cigarettes was popular, and there

was much secondhand smoke.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 6

TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

4. A nurse is planning an education program on wellness in a local senior citizen center. The

nurse plans to provide education on the importance of immunizations, annual physical

examinations, screening for diabetes, and vision and hearing screening. It is important for the

nurse to understand which of the following?

a. Approximately 40% of older adults (ages 65 and older) utilize available preventive

services

b. Preventive strategies are more widely used in the 40-64 age group than in the 65

and over age group

c. The research on health promotion strategies in older adults demonstrates that they

have low efficacy

d. There is an abundance of research specific to health promotion and aging

ANS: A

Approximately 40% of individuals, ages 65 and older, utilize the preventive services that are

available to them. However, only 24% of those between the ages of 40 and 64 do so. There is

a paucity of research specific to health promotion and aging; however, the research that exists

demonstrates that health promotion strategies are highly effective.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 7

TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

5. A nurse is caring for an 85-year-old male client with diabetes in a community setting. The

nurse promotes functional wellness by which of the following activities?

a. Encouraging the client maintains current levels of physical activity

b. Assisting the client to receive all the recommended preventive screenings that are

appropriate for his age group

c. Teaching the patient how to use a rolling walker so that he can ambulate for longer

distances

d. Encouraging the client to attend his weekly chess games

ANS: A

Maintaining existing levels of physical activity is consistent with functional wellness.

Teaching the client how to use a rolling walker enables the client to remain active at the

highest level possible, which is an example of promoting functional wellness. Receiving

recommended screening is an example of promoting biological wellness. The use of a rolling

walker should be based on assessment of physical ability. Encouraging the client to attend

weekly chess games is an example of promoting social wellness.

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DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 10

TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

6. Based on the census reports of 2010, the typical profile of a centenarian in the United States

includes which of the following characteristics?

a. A Caucasian woman who lives in an urban area of a Southern state

b. An African American woman who lives in a rural area of a Southern state

c. A Hispanic man who lives in an urban area of a Midwestern state

d. A Caucasian man who lives in a rural area of a Midwestern state

ANS: A

Based on the 2010 U.S. Census data, centenarians were overwhelmingly white (82.5%),

women (82.8%), and living in urban areas of the Southern states.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: p. 5

TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. Primary prevention strategies for older adults include which of the following? (Select all that

apply.)

a. An annual influenza immunization clinic

b. A smoking cessation program

c. A prostate screening program

d. A cardiac rehabilitation program

e. A meal planning education program for type 2 diabetics

ANS: A, B

Primary prevention refers to strategies that are used to prevent an illness before it occurs and

maintaining wellness across the continuum of care. Immunizations and smoking cessation are

examples of primary prevention. Secondary prevention is the early detection of a disease or a

health problem that has already developed. Prostate screening is an example of secondary

prevention. Tertiary prevention addresses the needs of individuals who already have their

wellness challenged. Cardiac rehabilitation and meal planning for diabetics are examples of

tertiary prevention.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: pp. 8–9

TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care

2. A nurse organizes a health fair for older adults. The nurse’s goal is to focus on the six priority

areas identified by the National Prevention Council. Which of the following activities should

the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

a. Smoking cessation

b. Depression screening

c. Recognizing elder abuse

d. Cholesterol screening

e. Fitness training

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