CHOLESTEROLHYPERLIPIDEMIA

CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE ASSIGNMENT

HELEN GAMADA

NR511: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

DR. MARGARET SMITH

AUGUST 2019

INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE IN U.S.

In 2015-2016- > 12% of adults had total cholesterol >240 mg/dL

18% had HDL level < 40 mg/dL

95 million U.S. adults age > 20 had total cholesterol level > 200

mg/dL

Nearly 1 in 3 Americans have high cholesterol

29 million total cholesterol levels > 240 mg/dL

7% adolescents age 6-19 had high total cholesterol

 ("High Cholesterol Facts, " 2019)

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Cholesterol types

 Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

 Very Low-Density Lipoprotein

 High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Is an essential lipophilic molecule for human life

has many roles for the normal function of cells

Is an essential component of the cell membrane

Is a precursor molecule in vitamin D synthesis, steroid hormones,

sex hormones

Is a constituent of bile salt-used in the digestion of fat-soluble

vitamins A,D, E, and K

 ("Hypercholesterolemia (high blood cholesterol) information | myVMC," n.d.).

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CONT…

High cholesterol -major risk factor for

the formation of atherosclerotic plaques

Endothelial damage leads to

dysfunction of endothelial cells

Atherosclerotic plaque begins to

develop in damaged inner lining

More cholesterol and other materials

accumulate

Plaque continues to grow and block

blood flow plaque ruptures a blood

clot forms blockage

("Hypercholesterolemia (high blood cholesterol) information |

myVMC," n.d.).