Test Bank - Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children (11e by Hockenberry) 3

Chapter 01: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The clinic nurse is reviewing statistics on infant mortality for the United States versus other countries.

Compared with other countries that have a population of at least 25 million, the nurse makes which

determination?

a. The United States is ranked last among 27 countries.

b. The United States is ranked similar to 20 other developed countries.

c. The United States is ranked in the middle of 20 other developed countries.

d. The United States is ranked highest among 27 other industrialized countries.

ANS: A

Although the death rate has decreased, the United States still ranks last in infant mortality among nations with

a population of at least 25 million. The United States has the highest infant death rate of developed nations.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

2. Which is the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year in the United States?

a. Congenital anomalies

b. Sudden infant death syndrome

c. Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight

d. Maternal complications specific to the perinatal period

ANS: A

Congenital anomalies account for 20.1% of deaths in infants younger than 1 year compared with sudden infant

death syndrome, which accounts for 8.2%; disorders related to short gestation and unspecified low birth

weight, which account for 16.5%; and maternal complications such as infections specific to the perinatal

period, which account for 6.1% of deaths in infants younger than 1 year of age.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

3. What is the major cause of death for children older than 1 year in the United States?

a. Heart disease

Test Bank - Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children (11e by Hockenberry) 4

b. Childhood cancer

c. Unintentional injuries

d. Congenital anomalies

ANS: C

Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause of death after age 1 year through adolescence. The

leading cause of death for those younger than 1 year is congenital anomalies, and childhood cancers and heart

disease cause a significantly lower percentage of deaths in children older than 1 year of age.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding

MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

4. In addition to injuries, what are the leading causes of death in adolescents ages 15 to 19 years?

a. Suicide and cancer

b. Suicide and homicide

c. Drowning and cancer

d. Homicide and heart disease

ANS: B

Suicide and homicide account for 16.7% of deaths in this age group. Suicide and cancer account for 10.9% of

deaths, heart disease and cancer account for approximately 5.5%, and homicide and heart disease account for

10.9% of the deaths in this age group.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

5. The nurse is planning a teaching session to adolescents about deaths by unintentional injuries. Which should

the nurse include in the session with regard to deaths caused by injuries?

a. More deaths occur in males.

b. More deaths occur in females.

c. The pattern of deaths does not vary according to age and sex.

d. The pattern of deaths does not vary widely among different ethnic groups.

ANS: A

The majority of deaths from unintentional injuries occur in males. The pattern of death does vary greatly

Test Bank - Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children (11e by Hockenberry) 5

among different ethnic groups, and the causes of unintentional deaths vary with age and gender.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying

TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

6. What do mortality statistics describe?

a. Disease occurring regularly within a geographic location

b. The number of individuals who have died over a specific period

c. The prevalence of specific illness in the population at a particular time

d. Disease occurring in more than the number of expected casesin a community

ANS: B

Mortality statistics refer to the number of individuals who have died over a specific period.

Morbidity statistics show the prevalence of specific illness in the population at a particular time. Data

regarding disease within a geographic region, or in greater than expected numbers in a community, may be

extrapolated from analyzing the morbidity statistics.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

7. The nurse should assess which age group for suicide ideation since suicide in which age group is the third

leading cause of death?

a. Preschoolers

b. Young school age

c. Middle school age

d. Late school age and adolescents

ANS: D

Suicide is the third leading cause of death in children ages 10 to 19 years; therefore, the age group should be

late school age and adolescents. Suicide is not one of the leading causes of death for preschool and young or

middle school-aged children.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding

TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

8. Parents of a hospitalized toddler ask the nurse, What is meant by family-centered care? The nurse should

respond with which statement?

Test Bank - Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children (11e by Hockenberry) 6

a. Family-centered care reduces the effect of cultural diversity on the family.

b. Family-centered care encourages family dependence on the health care system.

c. Family-centered care recognizes that the family is the constant in a childs life.

d. Family-centered care avoids expecting families to be part of the decision-making process.

ANS: C

The three key components of family-centered care are respect, collaboration, and support. Family-centered

care recognizes the family as the constant in the childs life. The family should be enabled and empowered to

work with the health care system and is expected to be part of the decision-making process. The nurse should

also support the familys cultural diversity, not reduce its effect.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying

TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

9. The nurse is describing clinical reasoning to a group of nursing students. Which is most descriptive of

clinical reasoning?

a. Purposeful and goal directed

b. A simple developmental process

c. Based on deliberate and irrational thought

d. Assistsindividuals in guessing what is most appropriate

ANS: A

Clinical reasoning is a complex developmental process based on rational and deliberate thought. When

thinking is clear, precise, accurate, relevant, consistent, and fair, a logical connection develops between the

elements of thought and the problem at hand.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying

TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

10. Evidence-based practice (EBP), a decision-making model, is best described as which?

a. Using information in textbooks to guide care

b. Combining knowledge with clinical experience and intuition

c. Using a professional code of ethics as a means for decision making

Test Bank - Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children (11e by Hockenberry) 7

d. Gathering all evidence that applies to the childs health and family situation

ANS: B

EBP helpsfocus on measurable outcomes; the use of demonstrated, effective interventions; and questioning

what is the best approach. EBP involves decision making based on data, not all evidence on a particular

situation, and involves the latest available data. Nurses can use textbooks to determine areas of concern and

potential involvement.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment

11. Which best describes signs and symptoms as part of a nursing diagnosis?

a. Description of potential risk factors

b. Identification of actual health problems

c. Human response to state of illness or health

d. Cues and clusters derived from patient assessment

ANS: D

Signs and symptoms are the cues and clusters of defining characteristics that are derived from a patient

assessment and indicate actual health problems. The first part of the nursing diagnosis is the problem

statement, also known as the human response to the state of illness or health. The identification of actual health

problems may be part of the medical diagnosis. The nursing diagnosis is based on the human response to these

problems. The human response is therefore a component of the nursing diagnostic statement. Potential risk

factors are used to identify nursing care needs to avoid the development of an actual health problem when a

potential one exists.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding

TOP: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation

MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment

12. The nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an after-school program about

childhood health problems. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching?

a. Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children.

b. Immunization rates are the same among children of different races and ethnicity.

c. Dental cariesis not a problem commonly seen in children since the introduction of fluoridated

water.

d. Mental health problems are typically not seen in school-age children but may be diagnosed in

adolescents.

Test Bank - Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children (11e by Hockenberry) 8

ANS: A

When teaching parents of school-age children about childhood health problems, the nurse should include

information about childhood obesity because it is the most common problem among children and is associated

with type 2 diabetes. Teaching parents about ways to prevent obesity is important to include. Immunization

rates differ depending on the childs race and ethnicity; dental caries continues to be a common chronic disease

in childhood; and mental health problems are seen in children as young as school age, not just in adolescents.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying

TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance