NUR 2063 / NUR2063 Essentials of

Pathophysiology Exam 1 Review|

Highly Rated Complete Guide| Latest,

2021 / 2022 | Rasmussen College

1. What are the levels of disease prevention?

- Primary,

- Secondary,

- Tertiary

2. Explain Primary Prevention

- "Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for

people.

3. Examples of Primary Prevention

- Vaccinations and Handwashing

4. Explain Secondary Prevention

- "Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of disease to catch

disease early before it spreads

5. Examples of Secondary Prevention

- PAP smears for STDs,

- lab work for HBA1C check, 

- mammogram

6. Explain Tertiary Prevention

- "Treating" and preventing further complications from a disorder or disease

after the person has the condition

7. Examples of Tertiary Prevention

- Rehab for hip surgery,

- relearning ADL's after amputation,

- Wound care after stroke to prevent pressure ulcers.

8. What is homeostasis?

- a state of equilibrium in which all body systems are in balance and the body

is at its most optimal in functioning.

- Stable.

9. What is allostasis?

- ability to successfully adapt to challenges. It is not a balance but an attempt

to adapt to achieve homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower ones body temp.

10. Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome

- alarm,

- resistance,

- exhaustion

11. Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome

- Where the sympathetic nervous system is activated due to stress. Fight or

Flight responses are activated and energy is given off by the HPA axis to flee

or fight the danger ahead. Blood must be redirected to vital organs in this

stage to give the organs energy to work.

12. Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome

- the activity of the Parasympathetic Nervous system and the endocrine system

to return the body to homeostasis. The body should ultimately adapt to the

stressor.

13. Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome

- Occurs when the stressor is not removed or overcome in the body. The body

can no longer return to homeostasis after prolonged exposure to stressor. It

causes the body to be depleted and damaged that can lead to disease or

death.

14. What complications can occur if stressors are not resolved from general adaptation

syndrome?

- disease can occur physically and mentally, such as anxiety, depression,

headaches, insomnia, infection, and heart disease.

15. Name the hormones released during alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome

- Corticotrophin releasing hormone,

- adrenocorticotrophic hormone,

- catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) and

- cortisol