CHAPTER1:

ANSWERS AND RATIONALES

1. Which change represents the primary impetus for the end of the era of the female lay

healer?

1. Perception of health promotion as an obligation

2. Development of a clinical nurse specialist position statement

3. Foundation of the American Association of Nurse-Midwives

4. Emergence of a medical establishment

Page: 4

Feedback

1. This is incorrect. Lay healers traditionally viewed their role as being a

function of their community obligations; however, the emerging medical

establishment viewed healing as a commodity. The emergence of a male

medical establishment represents the primary impetus for the end of the era

of the female lay healer.

2. This is incorrect. The American Nurses Association (ANA) position statement

on educational requirements for the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) was

developed in 1965; the ANA’s position statement on the role of the CNS was

issued in 1976. The emergence of a male medical establishment represents

the primary impetus for the end of the era of the female lay healer.

3. This is incorrect. The American Association of Nurse-Midwives (AANM) was

founded in 1928. The emergence of a male medical establishment represents

the primary impetus for the end of the era of the female lay healer.

4. This is correct. The emergence of a male medical establishment represents

the primary impetus for the end of the era of the female lay healer. Whereas

lay healers viewed their role as being a function of their community

obligations, the emerging medical establishment viewed healing as a

commodity. The era of the female lay healer began and ended in the 19th

century. The American Association of Nurse-Midwives (AANM) was founded

in 1928. The American Nurses Association (ANA) position statement on

educational requirements for the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) was

developed in 1965; the ANA’s position statement on the role of the CNS was

issued in

1976.

2. The beginning of modern nursing is traditionally considered to have begun with which

event?

1. Establishment of the firstschool of nursing

2. Incorporation of midwifery by the lay healer

3. Establishment of the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS)

4. Creation of the American Association of Nurse-Midwives (AANM)

qwivy.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material

Answer: 1

Pages: 4–5

Feedback

1. This is correct. Traditionally, modern nursing is considered to have begun in

1873, when the first three U.S. training schools for nurses opened. The role of

the lay healer as a midwife is documented to have occurred in the 19th

century, before the establishment of schools of nursing. The Frontier Nursing

Service (FNS), which provided nurse-midwifery services, was established in

1925. In 1928, the Kentucky State Association of Midwives, which was an

outgrowth of the FNS, became the American Association of Nurse-Midwives

(AANM).

2. This is incorrect. The role of the lay healer as a midwife is documented to

have occurred in the 19th century, before the establishment of schools of

nursing. Traditionally, modern nursing is considered to have begun in 1873,

when the first three U.S. training schools for nurses opened.

3. This is incorrect. The Frontier Nursing Service (FNS), which provided nursemidwifery services, was established in 1925. Traditionally, modern nursing is

considered to have begun in 1873, when the first three U.S. training schools

for nurses opened.

4. This is incorrect. In 1928, the Kentucky State Association of Midwives, which

was an outgrowth of the FNS, became the American Association of NurseMidwives (AANM). Modern nursing is considered to have begun in 1873, at

which time the first three U.S. training schools for nurses opened.