Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and AcidBase Balance | Nursing Test Banks | Qwivy.com
Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and AcidBase Balance | Nursing Test Banks
10/15/2016 Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and AcidBase Balance | Nursing Test Banks
http://boostgrade.info/chapter42fluidelectrolyteandacidbasebalance/ 1/33
Nursing Test Banks
One Account Get all Test Banks
Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Potter et al.: Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and AcidBase Balance | Nursing Test Banks | Qwivy.com
1.A patient has dehydration. While planning care, the nurse considers that the majority of the patient’s total
water volume exists in with compartment?
a. Intracellular
b. Extracellular
c. Intravascular
d. Transcellular
ANS: A
Intracellular (inside the cells) Ԩuid accounts for approximately two thirds of total body water. Extracellular
(outside the cells) is approximately one third of the total body water. Intravascular Ԩuid (liquid portion of the
blood) and transcellular Ԩuid are two major divisions of the extracellular compartment.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:935
OBJ escribe the processes involved in regulating extracellular Ԩuid volume, body Ԩuid osmolality, and Ԩuid
distribution.TOP lanning
10/15/2016 Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and AcidBase Balance | Nursing Test Banks
http://boostgrade.info/chapter42fluidelectrolyteandacidbasebalance/ 2/33
MSC: Physiological Adaptation
Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and AcidBase Balance | Nursing Test Banks | Qwivy.com
2.The nurse is teaching about the process of passively moving water from an area of lower particle
concentration to an area of higher particle concentration. Which process is the nurse describing?
a. Osmosis
b. Filtration
c. DiԨusion
d. Active transport
ANS: A
The process of moving water from an area of low particle concentration to an area of higher particle
concentration is known as osmosis. Filtration is mediated by Ԩuid pressure from an area of higher pressure to
an area of lower pressure. DiԨusion is passive movement of electrolytes or other particles down the
concentration gradient (from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration). Active transport
requires energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to move electrolytes across cell membranes
against the concentration gradient (from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration).
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:936
OBJ escribe the processes involved in regulating extracellular Ԩuid volume, body Ԩuid osmolality, and Ԩuid
distribution.TOP:Teaching/Learning
MSC: Physiological Adaptation
Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and AcidBase Balance | Nursing Test Banks | Qwivy.com
3.The nurse observes edema in a patient who has venous congestion from right heart failure. Which type of
pressure facilitated the formation of the patient’s edema?
a. Osmotic
b. Oncotic
c. Hydrostatic
10/15/2016 Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and AcidBase Balance | Nursing Test Banks
http://boostgrade.info/chapter42fluidelectrolyteandacidbasebalance/ 3/33
d. Concentration
ANS: C
Venous congestion increases capillary hydrostatic pressure. Increased hydrostatic pressure causes edema by
causing increased movement of Ԩuid into the interstitial area. Osmotic and oncotic pressures involve the
concentrations of solutes and can contribute to edema in other situations, such as inԨammation or
malnutrition. Concentration pressure is not a nursing term.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:937
OBJ escribe common Ԩuid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances.
TOP: Assessment MSC: Physiological Adaptation
Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and AcidBase Balance | Nursing Test Banks | Qwivy.com
4.The nurse administers an intravenous (IV) hypertonic solution to a patient. In which direction will the Ԩuid
shift?
a. From intracellular to extracellular
b. From extracellular to intracellular
c. From intravascular to intracellular
d. From intravascular to interstitial
ANS: A
Hypertonic solutions will move Ԩuid from the intracellular to the extracellular (intravascular). A hypertonic
solution has a concentration greater than normal body Ԩuids, so water will shift out of cells because of the
osmotic pull of the extra particles. Movement of water from the extracellular (intravascular) into cells
(intracellular) occurs when hypotonic Ԩuids are administered. Distribution of Ԩuid between intravascular and
interstitial spaces occurs by Ԩltration, the net sum of hydrostatic and osmotic pressures.
DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:936 | 956
OBJ escribe the processes involved in regulating extracellular Ԩuid volume, body Ԩuid osmolality, and Ԩuid
distribution.TOP lanning
10/15/2016 Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and AcidBase Balance | Nursing Test Banks
http://boostgrade.info/chapter42fluidelectrolyteandacidbasebalance/ 4/33
MSC harmacological and Parenteral Therapies
Chapter 42: Fluid, Electrolyte, and AcidBase Balance | Nursing Test Banks | Qwivy.com
5.A nurse is preparing to start peripheral intravenous (IV) therapy. In which order will the nurse perform the
steps starting with the Ԩrst one?
1. Clean site.
2. Select vein.
3. Apply tourniquet.
4. Release tourniquet.
5. Reapply tourniquet.
6. Advance and secure.
7. Insert vascular access device.
a. 1, 3, 2, 7, 5, 4, 6
b. 1, 3, 2, 5, 7, 6, 4
c. 3, 2, 1, 5, 7, 6, 4
d. 3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 7, 6
ANS: D
The steps for inserting an intravenous catheter are as follows: Apply tourniquet; select vein; release tourniquet;
clean site; reapply tourniquet; insert vascular access device; and advance and secure.
DIF:Apply (application)REF:971-974
OBJ iscuss purpose and procedure for initiation and maintenance of intravenous
therapy.TOP:Implementation
MSC harmacological and Parenteral Therapies