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Study Guide Final EXAM FALL 2017
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lOMoARcPSD|1418328
Distributing prohibited | Downloaded by arlen nunez ([email protected])
NUR 3180: STUDY GUIDE FOR FINAL EXAM- FALL 2016
The examination will contain 100 multiple questions. Time allotted for this exam will be 2 1/2
hours.
The following study guide is intended to assist you in preparing for the examination and
may not contain all information included on the exam.
The template is as follows: 2 questions related to chronic disorders; 9 questions related to
hematological disorders; 9 questions related to Oncological disorders; 9 questions related to
immunological; 9 questions on Upper IG disorders; 8 questions related to Lower GI
disorders; 8 questions related to Biliary/Pancreas; 9 questions related to Hepatic disorders;
8 questions related to Endocrine disorders; 9 questions related to endocrine-Diabetes
disorders; 8 questions relate to urinary disorders (infectious, obstructive..); 12 questions
related to renal disorders (glomerulonephritis, RF, Cancer..)
Please review the following concepts:
Chronic disorders:
o Activity and tolerance, levels of activity, outcomes when planning activities/
plan of care chronic conditions.
Hematological disorders:
o Blood transfusion nursing interventions, rate of first 5-minute infusion.
Electrolytes for patients with polycythemia Vera, Neutropenia, Risk factors of
anemia, B12 deficiency and nurse assessment, iron deficiency anemia, blood
transfusion and reactions
ful
Oncological disorders:
o Revise Leukemias, lymphoma, myeloma with ss., nursing management,
treatment, radiation and effective nursing interventions, chemotherapy induced
anemia (nursing diagnosis). Revise bone marrow transplant, ATP.
Immunological disorders:
o Hypersensitivities be able to differentiate them, AIDS and signs and symptoms,
labs, education, RA ss, preoperative and medication assessment by the nurse,
SA labs
Upper GI disorders
o GERD and patient education, EGD: be able to explain and care after test. Hiatal
hernia, GI bleeding sings, H. Pylori, gastroenteritis and fluid replacement, PUD,
purpose of NGT, duodenal ulcer,
Lower GI
o Crohns disease, ulcerative colitis, and signs of complication, appendicitis
assessment, diverticulitis, diverticulosis including diagnostic tests, peritonitis,
gastric surgery and diet- education, small and large bowel obstructions
including complications Who may receive TPN?
Biliary/ Pancreatic/ hepatic
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o Cholecystitis, cholelithiasis signs and symptoms, importance of ambulation
after surgery, pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis including end-stage, general lab
results, jaundice, Whipple procedure, cancer, liver transplant, hepatitis- types
education, ascites, TIPS, complications. Fetor hepaticus.
Hepatic disorders
o See above, include diet. Blumberg’s sign. Acute and chronic conditions.
o Hepatitis types, ss. education
Endocrine disorders
o Pituitary hyper-hypo, SIADH nursing interventions, Addison’s disease and
compliance, hyper, hypothyroidism, parathyroid, thyrotoxicosis, surgeries E.g.
Adrenalectomy, thyroidectomy - complications, lab results,
pheochromocytoma, IVF replacement …
Endocrine- Diabetes
o Diabetes type one, ss, causes, assessment findings by the nurse, priorities,
teaching to diabetic patients both types, incorrect blood glucose? What to do,
DKA, insulins IV, SQ, 50% glucose
Renal disorders/urinary disorders
o Chronic Kidney Disease
CKD is an umbrella term that describes kidney damage or a decrease in
the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lasting for 3 or more months.
Untreated CKD can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).
Risk factors include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and
obesity, with diabetes being the main cause of CKD- anything that
messes with blood flow to kidneys
Main one is diabetes because the kidneys are working harder because
of the high sugar levels
Stages in CKD include (normal GFR is 125 ml/min/1.73):
Stage 1 GFR>90 mL/min/1.73
Stage 2 GFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73
Stage 3 GFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73
Stage 4 GFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73
Stage 5 GFR <15 mL/min/1.73**
o In Stage 5, the patient is diagnosed with end-stage
kidney disease and the patient will need renal
replacement therapies, dialysis, or kidney
transplantation
Clinical manifestations include elevated serum creatinine (0.6-1
is normal), anemia due to decreased erythropoietin production,
metabolic acidosis, edema, and as it progresses abnormalities in
electrolytes, heart failure worsens because you’re not excreting
fluids, and hypertension becomes more difficulty to control.
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o Acute Nephritic Syndrome
Acute nephritic syndrome is a type of renal failure with glomerular
inflammation. Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the
glomerular capillaries that can occur in acute and chronic forms- will
have problems with filtering and you’ll go into kidney injury.
Relation with respiratory infections and the cause
Following some infections (streptococcal infection of the
throat, impetigo, upper respiratory tract infections, mumps,
varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B, and HIV),
the antigens outside of the body initiate an antigen-antibody
production that is deposited in the glomerulus of the kidneys
leading to glomerulonephritis and a decreased GFR
Know it’s upper respiratory
Clinical Manifestations
Hematuria (RBC casts indicate glomerular injury)
Edema and some degree of hypertension
Azotemia (abnormal concentration of nitrogenous wastes in
the blood)
Proteinuria
High concentration of Na in urine. 20 is normal in urine.
Hypoalbuminemia because kidneys aren’t getting the protein
Hyperlipidemia
Oliguria
Decreased GFR
High creatinine normal 0.6-1.2
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