NCLEX-RN V12.35 National Council

Licensure Examination (NCLEX-RN) new doc

2021/2022

Exam : NCLEX-RN

Title : National Council Licensure

Examination(NCLEX-RN)

Vendor : NCLEX

Version : V12.35

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NO.1 A depressed client is seen at the mental health center for follow-up after an attempted suicide

1 week ago. She has taken phenelzine sulfate (Nardil), a monoamine oxidase

(MAO) inhibitor, for 7 straight days. She states that she is not feeling any better. The nurse explains

that the drug must accumulate to an effective level before symptoms are totally relieved. Symptom

relief is expected to occur within:

A. 10 days

B. 2-4 weeks

C. 2 months

D. 3 months

Answer: B

Explanation:

(A) This answer is incorrect. It can take up to 1 month for therapeutic effect of the medication.

(B) This answer is correct. Because MAO inhibitors are slow to act, it takes 2-4 weeks before

improvement of symptoms is noted.

(C) This answer is incorrect. It can take up to 1 month for therapeutic effect of the medication.

(D) This answer is incorrect. Therapeutic effects of the medication are noted within 1 month of drug

therapy.

NO.2 Cystic fibrosis is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. This means that:

A. Mothers carry the gene and pass it to their sons

B. Fathers carry the gene and pass it to their daughters

C. Both parents must have the disease for a child to have the disease

D. Both parents must be carriers for a child to have the disease

Answer: D

Explanation:

(A) Cystic fibrosis is not an X-linked or sex-linked disease. (B) The only characteristic on the Y

chromosome is the trait for hairy ears. (C) Both parents do not need to have the disease but must be

carriers. (D) If a trait is recessive, two genes (one from each parent) are necessary to produce an

affected child.

NO.3 A 24-year-old client presents to the emergency department protesting "I am God." The nurse

identifies this as a:

A. Delusion

B. Illusion

C. Hallucination

D. Conversion

Answer: A

Explanation:

(A) Delusion is a false belief. (B) Illusion is the misrepresentation of a real, external sensory

experience. (C) Hallucination is a false sensory perception involving any of the senses. (D) Conversion

is the expression of intrapsychic conflict through sensory or motor manifestations.

NO.4 In acute episodes of mania, lithium is effective in 1-2 weeks, but it may take up to 4 weeks, or

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even a few months, to treat symptoms fully. Sometimes an antipsychotic agent is prescribed during

the first few days or weeks of an acute episode to manage severe behavioral excitement and acute

psychotic symptoms. In addition to the lithium, which one of the following medications might the

physician prescribe?

A. Diazepam (Valium)

B. Haloperidol (Haldol)

C. Sertraline (Zoloft)

D. Alprazolam (Xanax)

Answer: B

Explanation:

(A) Diazepam is an antianxiety medication and is not designed to reduce psychotic symptoms. (B)

Haloperidol is an antipsychotic medication and may be used until the lithium takes effect. (C)

Sertraline is an antidepressant and is used primarily to reduce symptoms of depression. (D)

Alprazolam is an antianxiety medication and is not designed to reduce psychotic symptoms.

NO.5 A violent client remains in restraints for several hours. Which of the following interventions is

most appropriate while he is in restraints?

A. Give fluids if the client requests them.

B. Assess skin integrity and circulation of extremities before applying restraints and as they are

removed.

C. Measure vital signs at least every 4 hours.

D. Release restraints every 2 hours for client to exercise.

Answer: D

Explanation:

(A) Fluids (nourishment) should be offered at regular intervals whether the client requests (or

refuses) them or not. (B) Skin integrity and circulation of the extremities should be checked regularly

while the client is restrained, not only before restraints are applied and

after they are removed. (C) Vital signs should be checked at least every 2 hours. If the client remains

agitated in restraints, vital signs should be monitored even more closely, perhaps every 1-2 hours. (D)

Restraints should be released every 2 hours for exercise, one extremity at a time, to maintain muscle

tone, skin and joint integrity, and circulation.

NO.6 The pediatrician has diagnosed tinea capitis in an 8- year-old girl and has placed her on oral

griseofulvin. The nurse should emphasize which of these instructions to the mother and/or child?

A. Administer oral griseofulvin on an empty stomach for best results.

B. Discontinue drug therapy if food tastes funny.

C. May discontinue medication when the child experiences symptomatic relief.

D. Observe for headaches, dizziness, and anorexia.

Answer: D

Explanation:

(A) Giving the drug with or after meals may allay gastrointestinal discomfort. Giving the drug with a

fatty meal (ice cream or milk) increases absorption rate. (B) Griseofulvin may alter taste sensations

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and thereby decrease the appetite. Monitoring of food intake is important, and inadequate nutrient

intake should be reported to the physician. (C) The child may experience symptomatic relief after 48-

96 hours of therapy. It is important to stress continuing the drug therapy to prevent relapse (usually

about 6 weeks). (D) The incidence of side effects is low; however, headaches are common. Nausea,

vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia may occur. Dizziness, although uncommon, should be reported to

the physician.

NO.7 A client with cirrhosis of the liver becomes comatose and is started on neomycin 300 mg q6h

via nasogastric tube. The rationale for this therapy is to:

A. Prevent systemic infection

B. Promote diuresis

C. Decrease ammonia formation

D. Acidify the small bowel

Answer: C

Explanation:

(A) Neomycin is an antibiotic, but this is not the Rationale for administering it to a client in hepatic

coma. (B) Diuretics and salt-free albumin are used to promote diuresis in clients with cirrhosis of the

liver. (C) Neomycin destroys the bacteria in the intestines. It is the bacteria in the bowel that break

down protein into ammonia. (D) Lactulose is administered to create an acid environment in the

bowel. Ammonia leaves the blood and migrates to this acidic environment where it is trapped and

excreted.

NO.8 A 5-year-old has just had a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Which of these nursing measures

should be included in the postoperative care?

A. Encourage the child to cough up blood if present.

B. Give warm clear liquids when fully alert.

C. Have child gargle and do toothbrushing to remove old blood.

D. Observe for evidence of bleeding.

Answer: D

Explanation:

(A) The nurse should discourage the child from coughing, clearing the throat, or putting objects in his

mouth. These may induce bleeding. (B) Cool, clear liquids may be given when child is fully alert.

Warm liquids may dislodge a blood clot. The nurse should avoid red- or brown-colored liquids to

distinguish fresh or old blood from ingested liquid should the child vomit. (C) Gargles and vigorous

toothbrushing could initiate bleeding. (D) Postoperative hemorrhage, though unusual, may occur.

The nurse should observe for bleeding by looking directly into the throat and for vomiting of bright

red blood, continuous swallowing, and changes in vital signs.

NO.9 An 80-year-old male client with a history of arteriosclerosis is experiencing severe pain in his

left leg that started approximately 20 minutes ago. When performing the admission assessment, the

nurse would expect to observe which of the following:

A. Both lower extremities warm to touch with 2_pedal pulses

B. Both lower extremities cyanotic when placed in a dependent position

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