GIZMOs - Calorimetry Lab Report. Complete With Correct Lab Findings

GIZMOs - Calorimetry Lab Report. Complete With Correct Lab Findings

Student Exploration: Calorimetry Lab

Vocabulary: calorie, calorimeter, joule, specific heat capacity

Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)

1. The Latin word calor means “heat,” and meter comes from the Greek word meaning “to

measure.” What do you think a calorimeter does? Measures heat

2. Where have you heard the word calorie before? What do you think a calorie is? a calorie is a unit

of thermal energy

Gizmo Warm-up

A calorimeter is an insulated container filled with a liquid, usually

water. When a hot object is placed in the calorimeter, heat energy is

transferred from the object to the water and thewater heats up.

Calorimeters can be used to find a substance’s specific heat

capacity. You will use the Calorimetry Lab Gizmo™ to determine

the specific heat capacities of various substances.

1. On the SIMULATION pane, select Copper. Use the slider to set its Mass to 200 g. Set the Water

mass to 200 g. Check that the Water temp is set to 30.0 °C and the copper’s Temp is 90 °C. Select

the GRAPH tab, and click Play ( ).

A. What was the Final temperature of the copper and the water? 34.96C

B. How much did the temperature of the copper change? 54.04C

C. How much did the temperature of the water change? 4.96C

2. Specific heat capacity can be described as a substance’s resistance to temperature changes. Which

substance has a greater specific heat capacity, copper or water? Explain.

Water because the temperature of the water changed the least amount so its resistance ishigher.

Question: What factors determine how heat energy transfers between objects?

1. Predict: In the Gizmo warm-up, you saw how 200 g of 90 °C copper transfers heat to 200 g of 30.0

°C water.

A. How do you think increasing the water’s mass would affect the final temperature? Itwould

make the final temperature go down.

B. How do you think decreasing the copper’s mass would affect the final temperature?It

would make the final temperature go down

C. How do you think increasing or decreasing the copper’s initial temperature would affect

the final temperature? Increasing it would increase the final temperature and

decreasing it would decrease the final temperature

2. Collect data: Use the Gizmo to determine the final temperature for each set-up listed below. Record

your results in the tables. In the first table, you experiment with changing the water’s mass. In the

second table, you change the copper’s mass. In the third table, you change the initial temperature of

the copper. The first row of each table has been completed for you.

Copper Water Final Temp.

Initial Temp. (°C) Mass (g) Initial Temp. (°C) Mass (g) (°C)

3.

90 °C 200 g 30.0 °C 200 g 34.96 °C

90 °C 200 g 30.0 °C 2,000 g

4.

90 °C 200 g 30.0 °C 200 g 34.96 °C

90 °C 20 g 30.0 °C 200 g

5.

90 °C 200 g 30.0 °C 200 g 34.96 °C

100 °C 200 g 30.0 °C 200 g

50 °C 200 g 30.0 °C 200 g

(Activity A continued on next page)

Get the Gizmo ready:

• Click Reset ( ).

Activity A:

Heat transfer

Activity A (continued from previous page)

3. Analyze: For each factor listed in the chart below, explain how the final temperature waschanged

and why you think that change occurred.

A. What was the effect of increasing the water’s mass? When the water mass was

increased the final temperature was decreased.

B. What was the effect of decreasing the copper’s mass? When the coppers mass was

decreased the final temperature was decreased.

C. What was the effect of changing the initial temperature of the copper? Increasing the

temperature of the copper made the final temperature increase and decreasing the

temperature of the copper made the final temperature decrease.

4. Draw conclusions: The amount that the water’s temperature increases depends on the massof the

water and the amount of heat energy in the copper.

A. How does changing the initial mass of the copper affect how much heat energy ithas?

The more copper the more heat energy

B. How does changing the initial temperature of the copper affect how much heatenergy

it has? The higher temperature, the more heat energy

5. Apply: Many gyms and health clubs have steam saunas, which are small steam-filled rooms.

Traditionally, steam saunas have a container of heated rocks. A small ladle of water is poured on the

rocks in order to make the steam.

A. Use what you have learned so far about heat transfer to explain how hot rocks can be used

to make steam? The hot rocks transfer their energy which makes thewater

heat up and form stream

B. Why do you think only a small ladle-full of water is poured on the rocks at one time?

If too much is poured on the rocks wouldn’t be able to heat that

muchwater at one time

Question: How can you compare the specific heat capacities of various substances?

1. Explain: How do you think you can use the calorimeter to compare the specific heat capacities of

the substances listed on the Gizmo? The calorimeter shows changes in water temperature when

set to certain substances, so comparing initial and final temperature cangive you the high and

low specific heat energy.

2. Predict: Which substance do you think will have the highest specific heat capacity? Why?

Granite will have the higher heat capacity because it’s a mineral.

3. Experiment: Use the Gizmo to determine the final temperature for each set-up listed below.Record

your results in the table. The first row has been completed for you.

Substance Substance initial

temp. (°C)

Substance

mass

Water initial

temp. (°C)

Water

mass

Final

temp. (°C)

Copper 90 °C 200 g 30.0 °C 200 g 34.96 °C

Granite 90 °C 200 g 30.0 °C 200 g 39.59

Lead 90 °C 200 g 30.0 °C 200 g 31.75

4. Analyze: Of the three substances, which caused the largest temperature change in the water? What

does this indicate about its relative specific heat capacity? The granite did and I think it means it

has the least specific heat capacity

5. Interpret: Remember that specific heat capacity is a measure of a substance’s resistance to

temperature change. The more resistant a substance is to temperature change, the higher isits specific

heat capacity.

Rank the three substances in order of their specific heat capacities, from highest to lowest.

Lead, Copper, and Granite

(Activity B continued on next page)

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