Student Exploration: Element Builder - GIZMO (Answer Key)

 Name: Marthe Brady Date: 9/4/2019

Student Exploration: Element Builder

Vocabulary: atom, atomic number, electron, electron dot diagram, element, energy level, ion,

isotope, mass number, neutron, nucleus, periodic table, proton, radioactive, valence electrons

Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)

1. What are some of the different substances that make up a pizza?

Cheese, dough, tomato sauce

2. What substances make up water?

Hydrogen and Oxygen

3. What substances make up an iron pot?

Fe (iron)

Elements are pure substances that are made up of one kind of atom. Pizza is not an element

because it is a mixture of many substances. Water is a pure substance, but it contains two kinds

of atom: oxygen and hydrogen. Iron is an element because it is composed of one kind of atom.

Gizmo Warm-up

Atoms are tiny particles of matter that are made up of

three particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The

Element Builder Gizmo™ shows an atom with a single

proton. The proton is located in the center of the atom,

called the nucleus.

1. Use the arrow buttons ( ) to add protons, neutrons,

and electrons to the atom. Press Play ( ).

A. Which particles are located in the nucleus?

Neutrons and protons

B. Which particles orbit around the nucleus?

Electrons

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2. Turn on Show element name. What causes the element name to change?

Changing number of protons

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Activity A:

Subatomic

particles

Get the Gizmo ready:

 Use the arrows to create an atom with two protons,

two neutrons, and two electrons.

 Turn on Show element name.

Question: What are the properties of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

1. Observe: Turn on Show element symbol and Element

notation. Three numbers surround the element symbol: the

mass number (A), electrical charge (no number is displayed if

the atom is neutral), and the atomic number (Z).

2. Investigate: Watch how the numbers change as you add or

remove particles.

A. Which number is equal to the number of protons in the atom? Atomic number

B. How can you calculate the number of neutrons (N) in an atom?

Subtract atomic number from mass number

C. Which particle (proton, neutron, or electron) has a positive charge? proton

Negative charge? electron No charge at all? Neutron

3. Analyze: An isotope is an alternative form of an element. Each isotope of an element has

the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons. The isotope is represented

by the atomic symbol and mass number, such as He-4. Some isotopes are stable, while

others are radioactive, which means the atoms decay over time and emit radiation.

A. What are the stable isotopes of carbon? -12

B. What are the stable isotopes of nitrogen? -14

C. List two radioactive isotopes of oxygen: -12, -13

4. Practice: Use the Gizmo to answer the following questions.

A. How many electrons are in a neutral atom of lithium? 3

B. How many neutrons are in an atom of Mg-25? 13 neutrons

C. What is the mass number of an atom with 5 protons and 7 neutrons? 12

D. When at atom is charged, it is called an ion. How many electrons are in O2-? 11

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E. E. How many electrons are in Mg2+? 10

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Activity B:

Electron

arrangements

Get the Gizmo ready:

 Create a neutral hydrogen atom (1 proton, 0

neutrons, 1 electron).

Question: How are electrons arranged around the nucleus of an atom?

1. Observe: Add electrons to the atom until you have used all the available electrons. How are

the electrons arranged?

The inner valence shell has 2 valence shells, 8 in the second shell and 8 in the third.

2. Analyze: Electrons are arranged in orbits called energy levels. The Gizmo shows all of the

first two energy levels but only part of the third energy level.

A. How many electrons can fit in the first energy level? 2

B. How many electrons can fit in the second energy level? 8

C. How many electrons fit in the part of the third energy level shown? 8

3. Observe: Click Reset ( ). The electrons in the outermost orbit, called valence

electrons, help to create chemical bonds. Create a lithium atom (3 protons, 4 neutrons, 3

electrons).

How many valence electrons are in a neutral lithium atom? 1

4. Diagram: Turn on Show electron dot diagram. The valence electrons of an atom are

shown in an electron dot diagram. Each dot represents a valence electron.

Draw the electron dot diagram for neutral lithium:

5. Practice: Turn off Show electron dot diagram. Use the Gizmo to create a neutral atom of

each of the following elements. Draw an electron dot diagram for each. When you are

finished, turn on Show electron dot diagram and check your answers.

Be: O: Ne:

6. Extend your thinking: Many chemical properties are determined by the number of

valence electrons. Elements with the same number of valence electrons will have similar

properties.

Which element has similar properties to lithium? Sodium Beryllium? Aluminum

Explain: Sodium has similar properties compared to lithium, because they both have one

valence electron. Be (5 electrons) an Al (13 electrons) have similar properties because both

have 3 valence electrons.

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Extension:

The periodic table

Get the Gizmo ready:

 Create a neutral hydrogen atom.

 If you have access to a periodic table, open it now.

(Not required.)

Question: The 117 or so known elements are arranged in the periodic table. Why does

the periodic table have the shape it has?

1. Form a hypothesis: Look at the first three rows of the periodic table below.

1. Why do you think the elements are arranged the way that they are?

I think the elements are arranged the way that they are, because the trend is moving to the

right through groups, you add one valence electron each time.

2. Draw diagrams: Create an electron dot diagram for each of the elements below. Use the

Gizmo to help you do this. To check your work, turn on Show electron dot diagram.

H: Mg: Si:

3. Analyze: What do the elements in each column of the periodic table have in common?

The elements in each column of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons.

4. Draw conclusions: How is the periodic table organized?

The periodic table is organized by left to right, and as you move to the right, the elements

reactivity decreases. The atomic number increases from left to right, and the elements are

organized into groups (horizontally) and periods (vertically).

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