MDC 3 EXAM 2 1. Anthrax risk factors - Occupational exposure and drug use 2. Asthma Nursing care and education - Adherence to medication regimen, regular physical activity, and avoidance of triggers that exacerbate the condition. Patients experiencing exacerbations require prompt nursing interventions including administration of supplemental oxygen, IV fluids, bronchodilators, and steroids and preparation of emergency intubation. 3. Asthma S/S - Labored breathing, Wheezing, chest pain, sleep problems, Frequent coughing, Allergies, Common cold, Feeling tired 4. Asthma risk factors - Risk factors include women, genetics, and living in cities with high air pollution. Education on finding out the "triggers" on the patient is important in order to avoid them. Things that could trigger are inhaled allergens, air pollutants, viral or bacterial, drugs (NSAIDS and beta blockers) occupational exposure (workplace) and foods. 5. Asthma treatment - Avoid Triggers Medications (Bronchodilators, Corticosteroids) Reduce stress Oxygen therapy Regular exercise 6. Asthma Pathophysiology - Is a chronic disease in which reversible airway obstruction occurs intermittently, reducing air flow 7. Coccidioidomycosis Causes / risk factors - Also known as "Valley fever" it is a fungus that is found in the soil that when inhaled can cause respiratory complications -Caused by Coccidioides immitis or C. posadasii. -Risk factors include Agricultural workers 8. COPD Nursing care and education - Improve gas exchange, ensure adequate dietary input: weight loss common as progresses as the increase work of breathing increase metabolism, physical therapy and support, and psychosocial support-manage anxiety and post-op care 9. COPD positioning - Tripod and Fowler's/semi-fowler's promote effective breathing 10. COPD treatment - Medical management, Surgical management for some such as Lung transplant (rare), Lung reduction surgery is more common in emphysema (Remove hyperinflated lungs that are filled with mostly stagnant air) 11. COPD S/S - chronic cough (bronchitis), chronic sputum production (bronchitis), barrel chest (emphysema), recurrent dyspnea (both), wheezing & chest tightness and weight loss. (clubbed fingers as a result of chronic hypoxemia) 12. COPD lab results - polycythemia (elevated hematocrit or hemoglobin), chronic hypoxemia, acidosis, increased risk for respiratory infection 13. COPD nutrition - Increased breathing efforts leads to increased nutritional needs. 14. Cystic Fibrosis Signs and symptoms - -Non pulmonary: Abdominal distention, GERD, Rectal prolapse, Foul smelling stools, Malnourished, Diabetes mellitus (type 1 variation), Osteoporosis and osteopenia -Pulmonary issues: Frequent or chronic respiratory infections, Chest congestion, Limited exercise tolerance, Chronic cough, Sputum production, use of accessory muscles, Decreased pulmonary function test. 15. Cystic Fibrosis nursing care/education - Adequate hydration, weight management, medications, chest physiotherapy, manage other organ complications (especially pancreatic) and insulin therapy if needed 16. Cystic Fibrosis complications and management - Do NOT nurse CF patients near other CF patients (Burkholderia cepacia bacteria) because it is easily spread to another. Complete daily physiotherapy, positive expiratory