NUR 2502 / NUR2502: Multidimensional Care III / MDC 3 Exam 1 Focused Review (Latest 2021/ 2022) Rasmussen College

NUR2502 Exam 1 Focused Review Please know labs for all diseases. Name of Lab Range Notes Albumin 3.4-5.4 g/dL • Without enough albumin, the body can't keep fluid from leaking out blood vessels. Not having enough albumin can also make it harder to move important substances throughout the body. • Higher than normal levels of albumin may indicate dehydration or severe diarrhea Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 10-20 • Indicates the nitrogen portion of urea • Elevated indicates a slowing of glomerular filtration rate • Below normal levels occur when there is a fluid overload, malnutrition, severe liver damage, SIADH Serum Creatinine Male: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL Female: 0.5- 1.1 mg/dL • Specific indicator of renal function • Increased levels indicates a slowing of glomerular filtration. Instruct pt not to eat red meats • Below normal range occurs with decaying muscle GFR 90- 120mL/min • Best indication for kidney function and stage of kidney disease • High means higher rate of fluid going through the kidney • Low means lower rate of fluid going through the kidney Hematocrit (HCT) Men: 39-50% Women: 35- 47% • Percent of blood sample that was red cells Hemoglobin Men: 14-18 grams/dL Women: 12- 16 grams/dL • Amount of protein that carries oxygen Platelets 150,000 to 400,000 mm3 • Clot/coagulation • Elevated can be caused by acute infections, chronic granulocytic leukemia, collagen disorders, polycythemia, postsplenectomy, etc • Below normal values occur in the following: acute leukemia, chemotherapy, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemorrhage, infection, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombocytopenic purpura. Prealbumin 16-40 mg/dL • High can be a sign of kidney problem • Low levels is a sign of malnutrition White blood cells 5000-10,000 mm3 • High means infection • Low means susceptible to infection • Normal = :) 1. Therapeutic communication 2. Remember your ABCs 3. Uterine leiomyoma - assessment (fibroid, myoma) • Benign, slow-growing solid tumor that occurs front he overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissue in the uterus o Also called fibroids or myomas o Position in uterus determines type • Assess pelvic pressure, abdomen size, elimination patterns, dyspareunia (pain during sex) • Symptoms - range from heavy to no menstrual bleeding, prolonged periods, periods • Risk factors - genetics and no pregnancies • Can be calcified • Classified via layer o Intramural – contained in the uterine wall in the myometrium o Submucosal – protrude into the cavity of the uterus – can cause bleeding and disrupt pregnancy o Subserosal – protrude through the outer surface of the uterine wall – may press on other organs • Assessment o How many tampons are you using in a day (Amanda says hour) ▪ To determine how much blood they are losing ▪ Do they have pelvic pressure ▪ Do they have constipation ▪ Do they have urinary retention • KEY SYMPTOM IS HEAVY VAGINAL BLEEDING! “WINK WINK” • Assess pelvic pressure, elimination patterns, abdomen size, dyspareunia (painful intercourse), infertility ▪ This is due to the fibroid/myoma/leiomyoma pushing on the organs • Pain is not going to kill you, hemorrhaging will 4. Erectile dysfunction- causes, treatment Also called impotence, inability to achieve or maintain erection for sexual intercourse • Organic ED o Is it a problem within? medications? health? spinal injury? • Functional ED o Psychological - what is going on in their lives that is causing this (stress?) • Assessment o History o Serum hormone levels o Doppler ultrasonography test • Treatment o Medications - teach about vasodilation effects (THEY CANT TAKE NITRO) o Vacuum constriction devices o Injections with vasodilatong drugs o Penline implants (prostheses) 5. Education related to treatment for HPV/cervical cancer a. Most cases caused by HPV b. Detected by pap smears c. Begin paps by age 21 d. Watch for signs such as bleeding increasing in frequency and amount, watery pink discharge, flank pain, e. Look at chart 71-4 5. Breast cancer- preventative screenings, risk factors, diagnostic tests, education Most common malignant condition, second leading cause of death in women Prevention screening • Mammography • Breast self-awareness/examination • Clinical breast examination Risk Factors • non-modifiable o Family history o Early menarche, late menopause o increased age - both men and women • Modifiable o Nulliparity (never been pregnant) or first child born after 30yrs old o Lack of breastfeeding o Postmenopausal obestity o Use of postmenopausal HRT (hormone replacement therapy) o Alcohol consumption o Mutations in BRCA1+2 • Lack of exercise • Diet • Breast implants • Smoking • Medications such as birth control and hormone therapy • No pregnancies Diagnostic tests: • Mammography

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Category Exam (elaborations)
Release date 2021-09-13
Pages 21
Language English
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