MDC 3 FINAL EXAM 1. What are risk factors for Acute coronary syndrome (MI) - -Atherosclerosis -Woman present differently -Age/ Genetics -Smoking -Elevated Troponin -ST-elevation on 2 contiguous leads on ECG 2. S/S of Acute coronary syndrome classic - -Chest pain -SOB -Diaphoresis 3. S/S Acute coronary syndrome classic Atypical - Nausea Dizziness Epigastric pain 4. Angina treatment - -Rest -Nitro -Emergency care if not relieved 5. Treatment for Acute coronary syndrome - Morphine (Only if ordered) Oxygen (If needed) Nitro (R/o ED med) Aspirin (Chew) 162 or 325Mg -Cardiac catheterization -CABG 6. Why do you not give a thrombolytic to an Acute coronary syndrome patient? - -Intracranial pathology -Active bleeding 7. S/S for Anemia Skin changes - -Pale / Yellow skin -Cool skin 8. S/S of anemia Cardiovascular compromise - -Tachycardia -Hypotension 9. S/S of anemia Respiratory - SOB 10. S/S of anemia Neurological - -Fatigue -Weakness 11. Diet changes for Anemia patients - -Iron rich deficiency (leafy greens, Fe supplements: take with orange juice, black/tarry stools)(avoid taking with milk blocks absorption) -B12 deficiency (beef, chicken, salmon, fortified breakfast cereal, low fat milk, eggs) -Folate deficiency (broccoli, brussels sprouts, leafy green vegetables, kidney beans) 12. Priority treatment and action for Aortic dissection - -Control BP, aim for a systolic 100-200Hg -Establish 2 large bore IV's and start fluids as ordered rate, as well as other necessary meds -Prepare for surgery 13. Treatment & nursing care for Aortic dissection - -Medications such as beta blockers, antihypertensive, analgesics, blood products -Aneurysmectomy -Endovascular stent grafts -Abdominal aortic repair 14. Risk factors for Atherosclerosis - -Age -Genetics/ Ethnicity -Hyperlipidemia (High LDL & Low HDL) -DM -Obesity, Sedentary life, Smoking 15. Diets for Atherosclerosis patients - Dash diet Vegetables, Fruit, Whole grain, Low fat free diary, Fish, poultry, bean, nuts, vegetable oils, Limit foods high in sugar, high in saturated fat like fat meats 16. Discharge education for Atherosclerosis patients - -Focus on Diet and management of HDL and LDL 17. Asystole priority action - Compressions 18. Atrial fibrillation complications - •Can impair QoL •Linked to major morbidity and mortality - especially clotting concerns - embolic stroke, DVT, or PE •Disorganized atrial impulses create 'quivers' to atria •There is no atrial kick •Ventricular contracts are irregularly usually at a rate of 120-200 •This irregularity increases cardiac blood pooling, increasing risk of clot formation 19. Treatment for Atrial fibrillation - -CONTROL RATE AND RHYTHM Use: Calcium channel blockers, Amiodarone, Beta-blockers, Digoxin, Special Medications -Anticoagulation -Electrical cardioversion -Ablation -Pacing 20. Non-Surgical interventions for Atrial fibrillation - -Electrical Cardioversion -Left atrial appendage closure -Radio frequency catheter ablation Biventricular catheter pacing