NUR 2502 Multidimensional Care III
Rasmussen - MDC III - Final Exam
75 Qs - 5 SATA, 3 Dose Calc, 2 ABGs
How do we diagnose hypertension?
- Elevated BP 3 times in a six-month period - documented by MD
Patient Education: Hypertension
- ▪ Lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise)
- ▪ Record values at home
Risk Factors: Hypertension
- ▪ Obesity
- ▪ Drugs
- ▪ Alcohol
- ▪ Age
- ▪ Race (Hispanic, African American)
- ▪ High cholesterol
- ▪ Family Hx
- ▪ Elevated LDL, decreased HDL
What's the difference between primary and secondary hypertension?
- Primary - because of the pressure in the arteries only, usually hereditary
- Secondary - r/t kidney problems or other issues
Pharmacological Treatment: Hypertension
- ▪ ACE inhibitors
- ▪ Beta Blockers
- ▪ ARBs
- ▪ Calcium Channel lockers
Atherosclerosis
- Plaque builds up on the inner walls of the arteries
Causes of plaque build up
- ▪ Cholesterol
- ▪ Smoking
- ▪ Uncontrolled diabetes
- ▪ Uncontrolled HTN
- ▪ Obesity
- ▪ Diet
- ▪ Lack of exercise
Arteriosclerosis
- Hardening of the arteries, happens with age, normal
What is HDL?
- Good cholesterol, want it >60
What is LDL?
- Bad cholesterol, want it <150
What are triglycerides?
- "Sugary cholesterol"
Atherosclerosis and Arteriosclerosis can cause what conditions?
- Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) - shiny hairless legs
- Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
S/S: Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
- ▪ Cool hands and feet
- ▪ Bad pedal pulses
- ▪ Leg pain
- ▪ Decreased capillary refill
- ▪ Mottled skin
How do you diagnose Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)?
- Lower extremity doppler
Treatment: Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
- ▪ Anticoagulants
- ▪ Cath lab to have stent placement
- ▪ Angioplasty
Patient Education: Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
- ▪ No crossing legs
- ▪ No pressure on legs, keep them in a dependent or dangling position
- ▪ No constrictive clothing
Types of valves
- Aortic
- Mitral
- Tricuspid
- Pulmonic
Which valves most commonly have issues?
- Mitral valve due to increasing age
aortic valve
Valve regurgitation
- Backward flow of blood through a heart valve
Valve stenosis
- When valves become narrower than normal, impeding the flow of blood.
What are some reasons, besides age, patients might end up with mitral stenosis?
- Rheumatic fever
When we have any damage to our valves, whether it be regurgitation or stenosis, what
are we at risk for?
- Decreased cardiac output which leads to heart failure
Murmur sounds associated with mitral regurgitation vs aortic regurgitation
- ▪ Mitral regurgitation: High pitched holosystolic murmur - begins at S1 and
continue to S2
- ▪ Aortic regurgitation: Blowing, decrescendo diastolic murmur
S/S: Mitral Regurgitation
- ▪ High pitched holosystolic murmur
- ▪ JVD
- ▪ SOB
- ▪ Fatigue
- ▪ Tachycardia
Category | Exam (elaborations) |
Release date | 2021-09-13 |
Pages | 19 |
Language | English |
Comments | 0 |
Sales | 0 |
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