BIOD 151 Final Exam Anatomy and Physiology 2021 - Portage Learning BIOD 151 Final Exam Anatomy and Physiology 2021 - Portage Learning

BIOD 151 Final Exam Anatomy and Physiology 2021 - Portage Learning

1. List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.

The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen and liver

1. List two organs contained in the pelvic cavity.

The pelvic cavity containsthe bladder, reproductive organs and the rectum

2. True or False?

a. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP. (T or F) False- (ATP is produced, not ADP)

b. Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell membrane. (T or F) True

c. Exocytosis is the process that occursto bring biomacromolecules inside the cell. (T or F) False- (process is endocytosis)

d. Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring

about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F) - True

e. Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cellular energy expenditure. (T or F) False- (Endocytosis is an

active process and requires cellular energy)

2. True or False?

a. Cellular respiration occursin the mitochondria. (T or F) True

b. The purpose of cellular respiration isto produce ATP. (T or F) True

c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell membrane. (T or F) False- (Peripheral proteins are found

on the inner or outer surface of the cell membrane. Integral proteins span the entire length of the membrane.)

d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules from the cell. (T or F) False - Exocytosis

e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within

the cell proteins. (T or F) False- (This process is called receptor-mediated endocytosis or information transfer)

3. In your own words, discuss Tay-Sachs disease. What organelle within the cell isimpacted? What are the symptoms

of the disease and why do they occur?

Tay-Sachs disease impacts the lysosome of the cell because a digestive enzyme in lacking. This leads to a toxic buildup of

toxic lipids in the brain that cannot be broken down. This can lead to disability and death.

4. You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type of eukaryotic cell but one appears much

larger. Based on appearance alone, which one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active rate,

the larger or smaller cell? Explain why.

The smaller cell would be carrying out respiration at a more active rate because its surface area to volume ration is

higher than that of the larger cell. When there is more surface are and less volume the small cell allows metabolic

processes in general to occur faster.

4. Explain at least two differences between Type I and Type II alveolar cells.

Type I forms the very thin simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli within the junction of the capillaries; also, Type II

produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is needed throughout the alveolar surface; and, Type II cells can divide

to replace damaged Type I cells.

5. Explain what happensto the soft palate during swallowing. Why?

The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing.

5. Explain what happensto the epiglottis during swallowing. Why?

The trachea is closed by the epiglottis. The epiglottis moves inferiorly, covering the trachea. This isto prevent food or

liquid from entering the lungs.

6. Air and food pass in which one of the following areas:

Trachea

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Alveoli

7. Label the following five items from the diagram:

Label B- Oral Cavity

Label D- Epiglottis

Label E- Glottis

Label F- Trachea

Label G- Esophagus

Label A- Nasal Cavity

Label C- Soft Pallet

Label E- Glottis

Label F- Trachea

Label H- Tongue

8. From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are:

Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles

Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi

Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles

Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles

9. Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach

ulcers.

Someone who has hypergastrinemia may develop stomach ulcers because of the increased gastrin which stimulates

secretions of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogens. These can irritate the stomach lining and break it down which would

lead to ulcers.

9. Explain why a patient with liver disease would have intolerance to fatty foods.

The liver produces bile which breaks down fats. If it is not producing bile (or less bile), fats will not be broken down

effectively.

10. Look carefully at the diagram below. Label the following 5 organs of the digestive system.

To receive credit for the intestines you must label the specific region.

3: Stomach

4: Gallbladder

7: Jejunum (not small intestine)

9: Appendix (not large intestine)

10: Rectum (not large intestine)

1: Liver

2: Pancreas

5: Duodenum

6: Ileum

8: Ascending Colon

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