ATI Fundamentals Proctored Exam | Questions and Answers with Rationales | Rated A | LATEST 2020/ 2021

ATI Fundamentals Proctored Exam with Rationales |

LATEST 2020/ 2021

Funds Proctored Exam Rationales

1. A nurse is conducting an admission interview with a client. Which of the following pieces of

assessment information should the nurse collect during the introductory phase of the

interview?

A. Clients level of comfort and ability to participate in the interview

-The nurse should assess the client’s level of comfort and establish a rapport during the

introductory or orientation phase. The nurse should engage in active listening and present a

relaxed attitude to place the client at ease and encourage client participation. This will assist the

nurse in gaining the necessary data to formulate appropriate nursing diagnoses and outcomes.

B. Previousillnesses and surgeries

-incorrect: The nurse should assessthe client’s health history, including previous illnesses and

surgeries, during the working phase of the interview.

C. Eventssurrounding the client’srecent illness

-incorrect: The nurse should assessthe client’s health history, including eventssurrounding the

recent or current illness, during the working phase of the interview.

D. Sociocultural history

-incorrect: The nurse should assessthe client’s sociocultural history during the working phase of

the interview.

2. A nurse is performing an abdominal assessment of a client. Which of the following positions

should the nurse tell the client to assume for this examination?

A. Lithotomy

-incorrect: The lithotomy position is useful for gynecological examinations.

B. Lateral

-incorrect: The lateral recumbent, orside-lying position, limits access to the abdomen. This

position is useful when auscultating the heart to detect murmurs.

C. Supine

-The nurse should tell the client to assume the supine position to promote relaxation of the

abdominal muscles. Having the client bend the knees enhances relaxation of the stomach

muscles.

D. Sims

-incorrect: The Sims’ position limits access to the abdomen. This position is useful for rectal and

vaginal examinations.

3. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following an abdominalsurgery. Which of

the following actions should the nurse perform first after discovering the client’s wound has

eviscerated?

A. Cover the incision with a moist sterile dressing

- The nurse should apply the safety and risk-reduction priority-setting framework, which assigns

priority to the factor or situation posing the greatest safety risk to the client. When there are

several risksto clientsafety, the one posing the greatest threat isthe highest priority. The nurse

should use Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the ABC priority-setting framework, and/or nursing

knowledge to identify which risk poses the greatest threat to the client. An open wound


increasesthe risk of peritonitis, and any exposed organ tissue could dry out. Therefore, covering

the wound with a moist sterile dressing is the first action the nurse should take to protect the

client.

B. Have the client lie on his back with his knees flexed

-incorrect: The nurse should use this position to reduce pressure on the incision. However, the

nurse should take another action first.

C. Call the client’ssurgeon

-incorrect: The nurse should notify the surgeon or direct a colleague to notify the surgeon while

tending to the client’s immediate need. However, the nurse should take another action first.

D. Reassure the client

-incorrect: The nurse should respond to the client’s emotional needs. However, the nurse

should take another action first.

4. A nurse is preparing to insert an NG tube for a client who has a bowel obstruction. Which of

the following actions should the nurse take first?

A. Give the client a glass of water

-incorrect: The nurse should provide a glass of water to facilitate swallowing during tube

insertion of the NG tube. However, there is another action the nurse should take first.

B. Assist the client into a sitting position

-incorrect: The nurse should assist the client into a sitting position to insert the NG tube more

easily and allow gravity to help facilitate the passage of the tube. However, there is another

action the nurse should take first.

C. Explain the procedure to the client

-The nurse should apply the least invasive priority-setting framework when caring for this client,

which assigns priority to nursing interventions that are least invasive to the client, as long as

those interventions do not jeopardize clientsafety. The nurse should take interventionsthat are

not invasive to the client before interventions that are invasive. This reduces the number of

organisms introduced into the body, decreasing the number of facility-acquired infections.

Informing the client about the procedure reduces fear and assists in gaining the client’s

cooperation, which is important for NG tube insertion and is the priority nursing intervention.

D. Measure the length of tubing to be inserted

-incorrect: The nurse should measure the length of the tubing to be inserted to ensure proper

tube placement. However, there is another action the nurse should take first.

5. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who is recovering from lung cancer. The

provider instructed the client that he could resume lower-intensity activities of daily living.

Which of the following activities should the nurse recommend to the client?

A. Sweeping the floor

-incorrect: sweeping the floor is moderate-intensity activity

B. Shoveling snow

-incorrect: Shoveling snow is a high-intensity activity

C. Cleaning windows

-incorrect: Cleaning windowsis a moderate-intensity activity

D. Washing dishes


-Washing dishes requires a low level of activity and is appropriate for this client.

6. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving dextrose 5% in water IV at 150 mL/hr and has

ingested 4 oz of water and ½ pint of milk. What is the total 8-hr fluid intake in milliliters that the

nurse should document for this client? (round to nearest whole number)

-1560

7. A nurse is performing a physical examination of a client. The nurse should use percussion to

evaluate which of the following parts of the client’s body?

A. Heart

-incorrect: The nurse usesinspection, palpation, and auscultation to evaluate the heart.

B. Lungs

-Percussion creates a vibration that helps the examiner determine the density of the underlying

tissue. The lungs are hollow organs that can produce sounds such as resonance (a hollow sound

over alveoli) or dullness (a dull sound over consolidated areas of the lungs or diaphragm). The

nurse also uses auscultation and palpation when evaluating the lungs.

C. Thyroid gland

-incorrect: The nurse usesinspection and palpation to evaluate the thyroid gland.

D. Skin

-incorrect: The nurse uses inspection and palpation to evaluate the skin.

8. A nurse is supervising a newly licensed nurse who is administering a controlled substance.

Which of the following actions by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the

procedure?

A. Placing an unused portion of the medication in a sharps box

-incorrect: The nurse should not dispose of an unused portion of a controlled substance in the

sharps container because this action does not maintain safe control of the narcotic.

B. Asking another nurse to observe the disposal of an unused portion of the medication

-The nurse should ask another nurse to witness the disposal of a controlled substance to

maintain safe control of the narcotic.

C. Counting the inventory of the available narcotic after administering the medication

-incorrect: The nurse should count the inventory of the controlled substance before removing a

dosage to maintain safe control of the narcotic.

D. Ensuring that another nurse signs the control inventory form after disposal of an unused

portion of medication

-incorrect: Two nurses should sign the control inventory form after the disposal of a portion of a

narcotic to maintain safe control.

9. A nurse is caring for a client who has acute renal failure. Which of the following assessments

provides the most accurate measure of the client’s fluid status?

A. Daily weight

-According to the evidence-based priority-setting framework, daily weight provides important

information about the client’s fluid status. A gain or loss of 1 kg (2.2 lb) indicates a gain or loss of


1 L of fluid; therefore, weighing the client daily will provide the most accurate fluid status

measurement.

B. Blood Pressure

-incorrect: While blood pressure can indicate a client’s fluid gain or losses, it is not the most

accurate method of measuring fluid changes.

C. Specific gravity

-incorrect: Specific gravity reflects the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine. While specific

gravity reflects client’s fluid gains or losses, it is not the most accurate method used to measure

fluid changes.

D. Intake and Output

-incorrect: Intake and output reflect a client’s fluid status. However, this is not the most accurate

method to measure fluid changes.

10. A nurse in a long-term care facility is admitting a client who is incontinent and smells

strongly of urine. His partner, who has been caring for him at home, is embarrassed and

apologizes for the smell. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

A. “A lot of clients who are cared for at home have the same problem”

-incorrect: This automatic response implies that caregivers in the home are not able to keep

client’s odor-free. It is a judgmental statement that is not therapeutic.

B. “Don’t worry about it. He will get a bath, and that will take care of the odor.”

-incorrect: Telling the partner not to worry blocks communication by devaluing her feelings and

her concern about the odor.

C. “It must be difficult to care forsomeone who is confined to bed.”

-This response addresses the feelings of the partner by reflecting her feelings, which facilitates

therapeutic communication because it is nonjudgmental and encourages the partner to express

her feelings.

D. “When was the last time that he had a bath?”

-incorrect: This response implies that the odor of urine has developed because she has not

bathed her husband for some time, which is judgmental and nontherapeutic.

11. A nurse is caring for a client who has bilateral cats on her hands. Which of the following

actions should the nurse take when assisting the client with feeding?

A. Sit at the bedside when feeding the client

-The nurse should avoid appearing to be in a hurry. Sitting at the bedside provides the client

with the nurse’s full attention during the feeding

B. Order pureed foods

-incorrect: Without any mouth or throat injuries that make chewing orswallowing difficult, the

client should be served foods of an appropriate variety of textures. Pureed foods are for clients

who cannot chew, have difficulty swallowing, or do not have teeth.

C. Make sure feedings are provided at room temperature

-incorrect: The nurse should ask the client if the food is the correct temperature

D. Offer the client a drink of fluid after every bite

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