BIOL 235 MIDTERM 1 , questions and answers Biology (Athabasca University)

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BIOL 235 MIDTERM 1 , questions and answers Biology (Athabasca University)

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BIOL 235 MIDTERM 1 ,

questions and answers Biology

(Athabasca University)

Chapter Number: 04

Question type: Multiple Choice

1) Which of the following is NOT one of the main tissue types found in the human body?

c) myocardial

2) These types of cell junctions anchor adjacent cells together and resist their separation

during contractile activities.

c) adherens junctions and desmosomes

3) The thin extracellular layer, consisting of the basal and reticular lamina, that anchors

epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue is called the

a) basement membrane.

4) Epithelial tissue

a) is used as a covering of body surfaces.

b) is used as a lining of body cavities and hollow organs.

c) is used to form glands.

d) usually has a free surface that interacts with external environment.

e) All of these answer choices are

correct. Answer: e

5) Name and briefly describe the different categories of epithelial tissues based on cell shape

and number of layers of cells found in the tissue.

Solution: Based on cell shape, epithelial tissues can be divided into four categories including: 1)

squamous which are thin and flat, 2) cuboidal which are similar in width and height, 3) columnar

are taller than they are wide and 4) transitional which can change shape from cuboidal to

squamous and back again. Epithelial tissues can also be categorized based on the number of

layers of cells found in the tissue. These categories include: 1) simple which means a single

layer of cells, 2) stratified which is two or more layers of cells and 3) pseudo stratified which is

one layer of cells that appears multi-layered due to the arrangement of the nuclei in the cells.

6) Which type of epithelial tissue is found lining the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels?

a) Simple squamous epithelium

7) Which type of epithelial tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin?

c) Stratified squamous epithelium

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8) Which type of epithelial tissue lines the ducts of sweat glands and esophageal glands?

d) Stratified cuboidal epithelium

9) Which type of epithelial tissue lines the fallopian tubes, uterus, and some bronchioles of

the respiratory tract?

b) Simple columnar epithelium

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10) In which of the following locations would you most likely find transitional epithelial cells?

c) Lining of the urinary bladder

11) Which of the following types of glands are categorized by whether their ducts are

branched or unbranched?

b) Multicellular exocrine glands

12) Which type of multicellular exocrine gland has a branched rounded secretory part attached

to a single unbranched duct and is found mainly in sebaceous glands?

d) Simple branched acinar gland

13) Functional classification of exocrine glands is based on

c) how the gland releases its secretory product.

14) Which type of exocrine gland accumulates its secretory product in the cytosol of its

cells until the cell ruptures and becomes part of the secretory product?

c) Holocrine

15) The extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of

e) protein fibers and ground substance.

16) Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?

e) Epidermis

17) Which component of connective tissue is found between the cells and fibers, and functions

to support and bind cells in the tissue together?

c) Ground substance

18) Which of the following is a polysaccharide commonly found in the ground substance of

connective tissues?

a) Hyaluronic acid

19) Which of the following types of fibers are commonly found in the extracellular matrix

of connective tissue?

a) Elastic

b) Reticular

c) Collagen

d) All of these answer choices are correct.

20) Reticular fibers in soft organs like the spleen and liver form a supporting framework

called the

d) stroma.

21) Which of the following is classified as loose connective tissue?

c) Areolar connective tissue

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22) Which of the following is a location where adipose tissue is commonly found?

a) Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin

23) The main function of dense regular connective tissues is

d) providing strong attachment between structures like muscle and bones.

24) The pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs are composed of which type of

connective tissue?

c) Fibrocartilage

25) Name and briefly describe the two types of growth seen in cartilage.

Solution: Growth of cartilage can be classified as interstitial or appositional. In interstitial

growth, the cartilage increases rapidly in size due to the division of existing chondrocytes

and the continuous deposition of increasing amounts of matrix by the chondrocytes. In

appositional growth, activity of the cells in the inner chondrogenic layer of the

perichondrium leads to growth. Deeper layers divide and cells mature resulting in the

matrix accumulating beneath the perichondrium on the outer surface of the cartilage

causing it to grow in width.

26) What is the basic structural unit of compact bone tissue?

a) osteon

27) Spongy bone tissue lacks

d) osteons.

28) The extracellular matrix of blood tissue consists of

c) plasma.

29) Which of the following types of membranes found in the human body does NOT

contain epithelial tissue?

d) Synovial membrane

30) Which type of membrane lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior

and the organs contained in that body cavity?

b) Serous membrane

31) Immature, undifferentiated cells that can divide to replace lost or damaged cells are called

a) stem cells.

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