ATI PN Fundamentals 2019 Exam Review

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What are the 3 stages of stress reaction that make up the General Adaptation Syndrome

(GAS)?

- 1) alarm reaction;

2) resistance stage;

3) exhaustion stage

What happens during the alarm reaction?

- body functions are heightened to respond to stressors;

- hormones are released -- which cause elevated BP and heart rate, heightened

mental alertness, increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and

increased blood flow to muscles

What happens during the resistance stage?

- body functions normalize while responding to the stressor;

- body attempts to cope w/the stressor and return to homeostasis

What happens during the exhaustion stage?

- body functions are no longer able to maintain a response to the stressor;

- the end of this stage results in recovery or death

What is a role conflict?

- develops when a person must assume opposing roles with incompatible

expectations;

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- conflict may be interpersonal [e.g., when parents expect adolescents to

participate in sports and perform household tasks]; or

- inter-role [e.g., when a mother wants to stay at home with her infant, but family

finances require her to work]

What is a sick role?

- expectations of others and society regarding how one should behave when sick

[e.g., caring for self and continuing to provide childcare to grandchildren] 

What is role ambiguity?

- uncertainty about what is expected when assuming a role

What is role strain?

- frustration and anxiety that occurs when a person feels inadequate for

assuming a role

What is role overload?

- more responsibility and roles than are manageable [e.g., assuming the role of

student, employee, and parent]

A nurse is caring for a client who has left-sided hemiplegia resulting from a

cerebrovascular accident. The client works as a carpenter and is now experiencing a

situational role change based on physical limitations. The client is the primary wage

earner in the family. Which of the following best describes the client's role problem?

A. Role conflict

B. Role overload

C. Role ambiguity

D. Role strain

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____________________

A. CORRECT: The client is experiencing role conflict because his career is extremely

physical, and he can no longer perform his job duties. However, the client is the primary

wage earner in the family.

B. INCORRECT: Although the client may feel overloaded and overwhelmed, role overload

occurs when the client is trying to juggle too many roles.

C. INCORRECT: The client is not experiencing role ambiguity because his job duties and

his physical limitations are quite clear.

D. INCORRECT: The client is not experiencing role strain. That occurs when one feels

inadequate for assuming a role.

How should stool specimens for serial fecal occult blood be collected?

- specimens should be collected 3 times from 3 different defecations;

- stool samples should come from fresh stools that are not contaminated with

water or urine

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What foods can alter the results of a fecal occult test?

- some proteins such as red meat, fish, and poultry, also aspirin;

- foods high in vitamin C can give false-negative

- NSAIDs and anticoagulants should be discontinued 7 days prior to testing 

What is the recommended fiber intake for a normal diet?

- 25-30 g/day

What assessment findings would you expect for a client with prolonged diarrhea?

- tachycardia;

- hypotension;

- fever;

- poor skin turgor;

[all manifestations caused by dehydration]

What are signs and symptoms of dehydration?

- Dry mucous membranes; Dry tongue; Sunken eyeballs;

- Hypotension; Tachycardia; Fever;

- Poor skin turgor; Decreased urine output;

- Confusion; Upper body weakness; Decreased weight

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What are signs and symptoms of dehydration in an OLDER ADULT?

- slowed cap refill;

- sunken eyes;

- oliguria;

- poor skin turgor - tenting of skin on chest; [note - do not use back of hand for

older adults due to decreased elasticity]

What are the characteristics of the stools of an infant who is breast milk fed?

- watery and yellow-brown

What are the characteristics of the stools of an infant who is formula fed?

- pasty and brown

What is the bowel prep for a colonoscopy?

- clear liquids only and a bowel cleanser

What type of sedation is given for a colonoscopy?

- moderate [aka conscious] sedation

When performing an enema, what determines the depth of cleansing?

- the height of the bag above the rectum 

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