TEST BANK FOR ADVANCED ASSESSMENT: INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 4th Edition, Mary Jo Goolsby, Laurie Grubbs pdf/qwivy

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Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?

A. Intuitive

B. Analytical

C. Experiential

D. Augenblick

Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:

A. Methodical and systematic

B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language

C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses

D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements

Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:

A. Chief complaint

B. History of the present illness

C. Current vital signs

D. All of the above are essential history components

Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be

able to:

A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings

B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms

C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions

D. Foresee unpredictable findings

The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:

A. Evidence-based investigations

B. Primary reports of research

C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience

D. Published meta-analyses

The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:

A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article

B. Clinical practice guidelines

C. Evidence-based research

D. All of the above

If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:

A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result

B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result

C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition

D. None of the above

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8.

9.

If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:

A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result

B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result

C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result

D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result

A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:

A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease

B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease

C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease

D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease

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10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource based on

mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or

patients?

A. Clinical practice guideline

B. Clinical decision rule

C. Clinical algorithm

D. Clinical recommendation

Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview

Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: B

Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making: intuitive and

analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-making) is based on the

experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with fairly common errors.

In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliability

with rare errors.

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